Tunisia
This paper presents the results of a survey of the impact of regulations and taxes on micro enterprises, considered here as part of the informal sector, in Tunisia. Its purpose is to determine the extent to which small entrepreneurs comply with current regulations, and the consequences of these regulations on the functioning and growth of their enterprises. The survey was carried out among a representative sample of enterprises in four sectors, with different degrees of compliance with institutional obligations: machinery repair, garment manufacturing, restaurant stalls and carpet manufacturing. The study of the four sectors permits a comparison of the behaviour of enterprises active in different markets.
The study reveals that among small entrepreneurs there is nearly total distrust of the state and its regulations, which they consider a constraint on the development of their activities. However, certain legal obligations, such as those concerning insurance on the premises or the minimum ...
In the context of the partnership agreement signed between Tunisia and the European Union in 1995, talks will begin in the year 2000 on the liberalisation of their agricultural trade. Tunisia’s political attachment to Europe will give the country the opportunity to diversify agricultural policy. Hitherto based on achieving self sufficiency in food, this policy has resulted in poor resource allocation. The goal now is to find the least costly means of reforming Tunisian agricultural policy, particularly for rural households, while seeking the extent to which Europe could help in the transition towards a more dynamic agricultural sector.
With the assistance of a dynamic general equilibrium model, this technical paper examines a number of scenarios for Tunisian agriculture towards 2010. It finds that in the absence of EU concessions, which could take the form of the removal of tariff quotas, it would not be in Tunisia’s interest to reduce support for agriculture and lower its own ...
The structural adjustment programme and macroeconomic reforms launched in Tunisia in 1987 have been to good effect, producing steady growth (an annual average of 4.6 per cent between 1992 and 2001), healthy economic activity and social progress. Macroeconomic policy successes are chiefly attributable to consistency between measures adopted and to the gradualism that accompanied their implementation. These reforms stabilised the economy and improved the external position, boosting exports by an average 6.6 per cent a year at constant prices between 1987 and 2001, while annual inflation fell from 8.1 per cent to 1.9 per cent over the same period…
L’économie tanzanienne enregistre une forte croissance, soutenue par le redressement continu de sa production agricole et le renforcement de ses fondamentaux macro-économiques. En 2001, le PIB réel tanzanien a poursuivi sa trajectoire haussière récente, avec +5.6 pour cent, contre une moyenne annuelle de 4.5 pour cent depuis 1995. La croissance devrait se stabiliser, avec une progression du PIB réel estimée à 5.7 pour cent en 2002 et projetée à 5.9 pour cent en 2003. Cette amélioration, amorcée en 1995, s’accompagne d’une orientation budgétaire visant à accroître le budget débloqué pour les secteurs prioritaires de la lutte contre la pauvreté, conformément aux objectifs du cadre stratégique de réduction de la pauvreté (CSRP). Grâce à une gestion monétaire prudente, le pays a maîtrisé l’expansion des agrégats et endigué l’inflation, qui devrait se maintenir au même niveau en 2002 et 2003. La position extérieure de la Tanzanie en 2001 a été précaire, en raison de ses piètres résultats à l’exportation provoqués par le faible niveau des prix des produits de base. Cette situation délicate devrait se maintenir en 2002 et 2003. Parallèlement, l’annulation d’une partie de la dette consécutive à l’accord sur le point de décision conclu avec ses principaux créanciers dans le cadre de l’initiative pour les pays pauvres très endettés (PPTE) devrait alléger les pressions extérieures…
The institutional framework of a country plays a determining role in the well-being of the women who live in it. This paper examines the cases of four case countries: India, Kenya, Sudan and Tunisia. In each of these case studies, the status of women has been analysed along with the reforms that have been implemented to improve it. Comparisons between the four countries have brought to light several obstacles to change in the institutional framework such as age-old traditions, religion, economic interests and parliamentary opposition. Where there are important initial obstacles, the government’s room for manoeuvre is limited, particularly in the short-term since magistrates, administrations, media and families often endeavour to postpone the application of new, more inclusive, laws. There are, however, examples of successful reform efforts. These successes are generally attributable to the presence of numerous women in parliament and government and in the legal service, the ...
BETWEEN 1999 AND 2004, reforms undertaken in Tunisia were chiefly aimed at preparing for opening to the world economy, encouraging diversification and increasing competitivity. These enabled the country to adapt to a difficult international environment and to survive three consecutive years of drought. In 2003, good performances in agriculture and tourism accelerated growth from 1.7 per cent (2002) to 5.6 per cent. According to estimates, this should reach 5.5 per cent...
Between 1961 and 2002, the Tunisian economy grew annually by 5 per cent while per capita income tripled by 2001. During this period, literacy levels and educational attainments increased signifi cantly, especially among women1. The country has reduced the overall incidence of poverty from 16 per cent in 1990 to 10 per cent in 2000, which refl ects progress towards the achievement of the MDG target of halving poverty by 2015.
En matière de développement économique et social, la Tunisie continue d’enregistrer des progrès importants. Sa croissance s’est établie à 6 pour cent en 2004. Elle devrait atteindre 4.2 pour cent en 2005 et 5.3 pour cent en 2006, essentiellement tirée par le secteur des services et le tourisme. La prudence des politiques macro-économiques initiées depuis plusieurs années a permis de stabiliser l’inflation et le déficit budgétaire, et de consolider les agrégats économiques. Les indicateurs sociaux sont en constante augmentation et, contrairement à la majorité des pays africains, la Tunisie est en bonne voie pour satisfaire les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD).
Tunisia is continuing to make major progress in terms of economic and social development. Economic growth reached 6 per cent in 2004 and should be 4.2 per cent in 2005 and 5.3 per cent in 2006, driven essentially by services and tourism. The prudent macroeconomic policies initiated in recent years have allowed inflation and the budget deficit to be stabilised and economic aggregates to be consolidated. Social...
TUNISIA SEEMS TO HAVE SUCCEEDED in meeting the 1 January 2008 deadline, the day the Free Trade Zone Agreement with the European Union (EU) became effective, with a competitive, up-to-scratch economy, well-directed macroeconomic aggregates, and sound, cautious policies.
1997: Decree of the Minister of Social Affairs of 27 January 1997; modifies the decree of 1978 with regard to the regulations governing survivor pensions.
Tunisia: Stock of Total External Debt (percentage of GDP) and Debt Service (percentage of exports of goods and services) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.
Tunisia: Public Finances (percentage of GDP at current prices) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.
Tunisia: Current Account (percentage of GDP at current prices) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.
Tunisia: Real GDP Growth and Per Capita GDP (USD/PPP at current prices) appears in African Economic Outlook 2009.