Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea is home to a number of different clans and tribes whose kinship ties determine the manner of relations between people. In general, women lack equal access to education and lag behind men in terms of employment opportunities. Violence against women is common, and is exacerbated by widespread poverty.
Papua New Guinea (PNG) acceded to the UNCAC in July 2007. It has been a member of the APG since 2008. PNG’s legal system is based on English common law. Its criminal bribery offences have not been externally reviewed. However, PNG’s implementation of UNCAC (Chapters III and IV) will be reviewed in the first phase of the new UNCAC Review Mechanism.
Resource abundance does not always bring sustained economic growth and development. Moreover, the mining sector generally provides little direct employment in the regions where extraction occurs. In an attempt to derive greater benefits from their resource endowments, and increase linkages with other parts of the economy, some minerals-rich countries have instituted local content and procurement policies (LCPs). The benefits sought include employment generation, supply chain development and technological and knowledge transfers. Measures that aim to increase local content and procurement in the extractive industries are common, including in many OECD countries.
This study examines local content policies in 10 minerals-rich countries and provides some observations about their efficacy and the desirability of their use. A wide range of measures are examined, from industry-wide, mandatory quantitative targets to voluntary initiatives undertaken at the firm level, encompassing diverse policy objectives and implementation strategies. The range of countries covered is broad including OECD countries, developing countries and least developed countries. The study does not recommend a “one size fits all” policy mix but guards against the distortions created by overly prescriptive, mandatory local content requirements.