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Social and Emotional Skills for Better Lives presents results from the OECD’s Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) 2023. SSES is the largest international effort to collect data on these skills among 10- and 15-year-old students.
The report explores how the following skills differ by socio-demographic groups and how they relate to key life outcomes: task performance skills (persistence, responsibility, self-control and achievement motivation); emotional regulation skills (stress-resistance, emotional control and optimism); engaging with others skills (assertiveness, sociability and energy); open-mindedness skills (curiosity, creativity and tolerance); and collaboration skills (empathy and trust).
The results show that students’ social and emotional skills – or 21st century skills – are linked to better life outcomes, including academic success, greater life satisfaction, healthier behaviours, less test and class anxiety, and more ambitious career plans. The Survey also finds that these skills are inequitably distributed among students by age, gender, and socio-economic background.
SSES 2023 was conducted in Bulgaria, Chile, Peru, Spain, Mexico, Ukraine, Bogotá (Colombia), Delhi (India), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Emilia-Romagna (Italy), Gunma (Japan), Helsinki (Finland), Jinan (China), Kudus (Indonesia), Sobral (Brazil) and Turin (Italy). Results are compared to SSES 2019, which took place before the COVID-19 pandemic.
This report analyses the legislative and institutional framework in France relating to the transparency and integrity of foreign influence activities. It identifies concrete policy measures adapted to the French context to make foreign influence activities more transparent, and to discourage foreign interference attempts that are made notably through opaque lobbying and influence activities. It also ensures that the risk of foreign interference is better taken into account when public officials move between the public and private sectors.
From steering decision-making in times of complexity to stewarding cross-cutting policies and guiding good practices across the public administration, centres of government (CoGs) play an important role in achieving government ambitions. CoGs have recently found themselves under pressure to help navigate increasingly complex policy challenges in an environment characterised by multiple crises, polarisation and declining trust in public institutions. This compendium gathers and shares practices and experiences of CoGs in undertaking their various roles and functions. It describes the mechanisms CoGs use in roles such as bridging the political-administrative interface, stewarding cross-cutting policies, guiding public administration reform, and engaging with citizens and other stakeholders. Finally, it discusses the lessons learnt and key enablers that emerge from the experiences. This compendium serves CoG leaders and government officials who seek to better understand the role of the centre in contributing to better outcomes for citizens and society.
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical need for health systems to be resilient against major disruptions. Despite the significant impact that crises such as pandemics, climate change effects, geopolitical conflicts, financial collapses or digital failures can have on economies and societies, policy makers in the health sector lack tools to test how their health systems would cope with extreme stress. Seizing a narrowing policy window in a post-pandemic context, the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, with support from the European Commission, developed a comprehensive methodology culminating in a handbook on "Strengthening Health Systems: A Practical Handbook for Resilience Testing." Inspired by stress tests in various sectors, this methodology was piloted in Finland, Greece, and Spain throughout 2023. The handbook provides health policy makers with tools to assess and enhance their systems' resilience. This is intended to foster policy dialogues and the identification of structural weaknesses as the starting point for targeted investments and remedial policies that will allow health systems to withstand the impact of future shocks more effectively.
What are the structural barriers to women's empowerment and inclusive development in Southeast Asia? Building on data from the fifth edition of the SIGI, the SIGI 2024 Regional Report for Southeast Asia: Time to Care provides new evidence-based analysis on the progress and setbacks in eliminating the root causes of gender inequality in 11 countries of the region. It underscores how multiple personal status laws perpetuate gender-based legal discrimination. The analysis also shows that social norms governing gender roles and responsibilities worsened between 2014 and 2022, particularly affecting women’s educational and economic rights.
The report explores a critical policy area for the region, the care economy. Stressing the gendered, informal, and unpaid dimensions of care, it draws on social, demographic, educational and economic evidence to forecast a growing demand for care services in Southeast Asian countries. The report advocates for the strategic development of formal care systems as a unique opportunity to accelerate women's economic empowerment, build inclusive societies and strengthen the region's resilience to external shocks – including those induced by climate change. To dismantle the barriers that prevent the emergence and expansion of such a formal care economy, it provides concrete recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders.
Ein entscheidender Aspekt des BEPS-Projekts von OECD und G20 sind die steuerlichen Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft. Im Oktober 2021 einigten sich über 135 Staaten und Gebiete auf ein bahnbrechendes Konzept zur Überarbeitung wesentlicher Elemente des internationalen Steuersystems, da dieses System den Anforderungen einer globalisierten und digitalisierten Wirtschaft nicht mehr gerecht wurde. Die Global Anti-Base Erosion Rules bzw. GloBE-Vorschriften spielen dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Sie gewährleisten eine Mindestbesteuerung der Gewinne großer multinationaler Unternehmen – ganz gleich, wo diese Unternehmen tätig sind und ihre Gewinne erwirtschaften. Die GloBE-Vorschriften ermöglichen die Schaffung eines koordinierten Steuersystems, das die Erhebung einer Ergänzungssteuer vorsieht. Diese Ergänzungssteuer ist auf die in einem Steuerhoheitsgebiet erzielten Gewinne zu entrichten, wenn der (auf Gebietsebene ermittelte) effektive Steuersatz in diesem Steuerhoheitsgebiet unter dem Mindeststeuersatz liegt. Dieser Kommentar zu den GloBE-Vorschriften soll Steuerverwaltungen und Steuerpflichtigen Orientierungshilfen bei der Auslegung und Anwendung der Vorschriften geben. Damit fördert er eine einheitliche, kohärente Interpretation der GloBE-Vorschriften, die abgestimmte Besteuerungsergebnisse ermöglicht, wovon Steuerverwaltungen und Steuerpflichtige gleichermaßen profitieren. Der Kommentar erläutert, auf welche Ergebnisse die GloBE-Vorschriften abzielen, und erklärt die Bedeutung bestimmter Begriffe. Zudem veranschaulicht er die Anwendung der Vorschriften auf bestimmte Sachverhalte.
Secure medical supply chains are a cornerstone of resilient health systems. Medical supply chains are complex and internationalised, often involving many suppliers. The COVID-19 pandemic, which combined an unprecedented surge in demand with interruptions in supply and trade, exacerbated pre-existing, rising shortages of essential medicines, such as antibiotics and anaesthetics, and generated shortages of medical devices, such as face masks and respirators. This report offers insights into the risks and vulnerabilities of the supply chains of medicines and medical devices. Policy options to anticipate and mitigate risks of shortages of medicines and medical devices, both routinely and in the context of severe crises, are analysed. Most importantly, the report shows that strengthening the long-term resilience of medical supply chains requires collaborative approaches that balance measures best undertaken by the private sector with those more appropriately managed by governments or supranationally.
This report on scaling up clean hydrogen financing provides a unique and in-depth proposal to transform ideas into attractive investment projects. It highlights how policy and financial risk mitigation mechanisms play a critical role in slashing the funding gap and reducing the cost of hydrogen generation. The findings promise to boost clean hydrogen lighthouse projects to revolutionize this multi-billion-dollar industry, so that emerging markets and developing countries can successfully participate in this nascent sector.
Fin dalla sua approvazione nel 2014, lo Standard Internazionale per lo scambio automatico di informazioni a fini fiscali è stato attuato dalle giurisdizioni e dalle istituzioni finanziarie di tutto il mondo. Alla luce dell'esperienza acquisita e della crescente digitalizzazione dei mercati finanziari, è stata eseguita una revisione approfondita dello Standard. Di conseguenza, la presente pubblicazione comprende il Quadro per la comunicazione di informazioni in materia di cripto-attività (CARF) nonché le modifiche dello standard comune di comunicazione di informazioni (CRS), insieme ai relativi Commentari e ai quadri di riferimento per lo scambio di informazioni, quali approvati dal Comitato per gli Affari fiscali dell'OCSE, che ora costituiscono collettivamente gli standard internazionali per lo scambio automatico di informazioni a fini fiscali.
Il CARF prevede lo scambio automatico di informazioni fiscalmente pertinenti sulle cripto-attività ed è stato sviluppato per far fronte ai rapidi processi di sviluppo e crescita del mercato in tale ambito e per garantire che i recenti progressi in termini di trasparenza fiscale su scala mondiale non siano gradualmente compromessi.
Il CRS è stato modificato affinché taluni strumenti di moneta elettronica e le valute digitali della banca centrale rientrino nell'ambito di applicazione dello stesso. Sono state inoltre apportate modifiche per garantire che gli investimenti indiretti in cripto-attività tramite strumenti derivati e veicoli di investimento siano ora contemplati dal CRS. Sono state altresì apportate modifiche per rafforzare gli obblighi di adeguata verifica in materia fiscale e di comunicazione e per prevedere un'esclusione per le organizzazioni che siano effettivamente senza scopo di lucro.
La presente pubblicazione include altresì la Raccomandazione dell'OCSE relativa agli Standard internazionali per lo scambio automatico di informazioni a fini fiscali, che comprende sia il CARF che il CRS emendato.
Ta profil je del širše serije zdravstvenih profilov držav v okviru pobude Stanje zdravja v EU in vsebuje jedrnat in politično usmerjen pregled zdravstvenega stanja in sistema zdravstvenega varstva v Sloveniji. Predstavlja jedrnato analizo, ki zajema naslednje ključne vidike: trenutno zdravstveno stanje v Sloveniji, determinante zdravja s poudarkom na vedenjskih dejavnikih tveganja, organizacijo slovenskega zdravstvenega sistema ter oceno učinkovitosti, dostopnosti in odpornosti zdravstvenega sistema. Poleg tega je v izdaji za leto 2023 predstavljeno tematsko poglavje o stanju duševnega zdravja in z njim povezanih storitev v Sloveniji.
Ta profil je rezultat sodelovanja OECD in Evropskega observatorija za zdravstvene sisteme in politike, ki je bil izveden v sodelovanju z Evropsko komisijo.
Tento profil poskytuje stručný a politicky zameraný prehľad o zdravotnom stave a systéme zdravotnej starostlivosti na Slovensku, ktorý je súčasťou širšej série zdravotných profilov krajín v rámci iniciatívy Stav zdravia v EÚ. Predstavuje stručnú analýzu zahŕňajúcu tieto kľúčové aspekty: súčasný zdravotný stav na Slovensku, determinanty zdravia so zameraním na rizikové faktory správania, organizáciu slovenského systému zdravotnej starostlivosti a hodnotenie účinnosti, dostupnosti a odolnosti systému zdravotnej starostlivosti. Okrem toho vydanie na rok 2023 prináša tematickú časť o stave duševného zdravia a súvisiacich službách na Slovensku.
Tento profil je spoločným dielom OECD a Európskeho strediska pre sledovanie systémov a politík v oblasti zdravotníctva, realizovaným v spolupráci s Európskou komisiou.
The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) offers a large and diverse market of over 400 million people and natural resource wealth, and yet it is not currently living up to its potential as a destination for international investment. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region have been declining over time, and have not always delivered on promoting sustainable development. This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region. Building upon the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and the FDI Qualities Policy Toolkit, the report covers the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
L'Italia ha superato bene le crisi recenti. Negli ultimi anni, la crescita è stata sostenuta da una forte risposta in materia di politica di bilancio, dal potenziamento della competitività e dal miglioramento dello stato di salute del settore bancario. Tuttavia, il debito pubblico rimane elevato e la spesa è sottoposta a notevoli pressioni legate all'invecchiamento demografico, all'incremento dei tassi di interesse e alle transizioni verde e digitale. Negli anni a venire occorrerà consolidare stabilmente le finanze pubbliche al fine di riportare il debito su un percorso più prudente. È necessario contenere l'aumento della spesa e, al contempo, tutelare gli investimenti pubblici effettuati nel quadro del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza per ridurre al minimo gli effetti avversi sulla crescita. Le riforme in corso nel settore della giustizia civile e della Pubblica Amministrazione sosterranno la crescita favorendo l'aumento degli investimenti da parte delle imprese e agevolando l'attuazione dei piani pubblici di investimento. Inoltre, sarebbe opportuno eliminare le barriere normative alla concorrenza nel settore dei servizi. L'aumento dell'occupazione, anche mediante l'ampliamento dell'accesso alle strutture di cura della prima infanzia per abbattere le barriere esistenti alla partecipazione delle donne al mercato del lavoro, contribuirebbe a rendere la crescita più inclusiva. È altresì necessario che le politiche si concentrino maggiormente sull'accelerazione del ritmo di riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra e sull'adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici. Sono stati compiuti progressi nella generazione di energia da fonti rinnovabili, ma occorre semplificare gli iter autorizzativi che rallentano l'installazione di infrastrutture preposte a tale scopo.
CAPITOLO TEMATICO: REALIZZARE LA TRANSIZIONE ENERGETICA E CLIMATICA
Denna profil ger en kortfattad och policyfokuserad översikt över hälsotillståndet och hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet i Sverige, som en del av den bredare serien av landshälsoprofiler från initiativet State of Health in the EU. Den presenterar en kortfattad analys som omfattar följande viktiga aspekter: det nuvarande hälsotillståndet i Sverige; hälsans bestämningsfaktorer, med fokus på beteendemässiga riskfaktorer; organisationen av det svenska hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet; och en utvärdering av hälso- och sjukvårdssystemets effektivitet, tillgänglighet och resiliens. Dessutom innehåller 2023 års utgåva ett tematiskt avsnitt om läget för psykisk hälsa och tillhörande tjänster i Sverige.
Denna profil är ett samarbete mellan OECD och European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, som genomförs i samarbete med Europeiska kommissionen.
Tässä profiilissa esitetään tiivis ja politiikkaan keskittyvä yleiskatsaus Suomen terveydentilaan ja terveydenhuoltojärjestelmään osana laajempaa State of Health in the EU -aloitteen maakohtaisten terveysprofiilien sarjaa. Siinä esitetään tiivis analyysi, joka kattaa seuraavat keskeiset näkökohdat: Suomen nykyinen terveydentila, terveyden taustatekijät, erityisesti käyttäytymiseen liittyvät riskitekijät, Suomen terveydenhuoltojärjestelmän organisaatio sekä arviointi terveydenhuoltojärjestelmän tehokkuudesta, saatavuudesta ja joustavuudesta. Lisäksi vuoden 2023 painoksessa esitetään temaattinen osio mielenterveyden ja siihen liittyvien palvelujen tilasta Suomessa.
Tämä profiili on OECD:n ja Euroopan terveydenhuoltojärjestelmien ja -politiikkojen seurantakeskuksen yhteistyössä Euroopan komission kanssa toteuttama yhteistyöhanke.
This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Spain, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Spain; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Spanish healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Spain.
This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Slovenia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Slovenia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Slovenian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Slovenia.
This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Sweden, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Sweden; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Swedish healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Sweden.
This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Slovakia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Slovakia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Slovak healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Slovakia.
This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
The SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2024 – Building resilience in challenging times is a unique benchmarking tool to assess and monitor progress in the design and implementation of SME policies against EU and international best practice. It embraces the priorities laid out in the European Union’s SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe and is structured around the ten principles of the Small Business Act for Europe, which provide a wide range of measures to guide the design and implementation of SME policies. This report marks the fourth edition in this series, following assessments in 2012, 2016, and 2020. It tracks progress made since 2020 and offers the latest key findings on SME development and related policies in the countries of the Eastern Partnership (EaP). It also identifies emerging challenges affecting SMEs in the region and provides recommendations to address them. The 2024 edition benefits from an updated methodology that also offers a deeper analysis of policies to support the digital transformation of SMEs.