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The trading of natural gas in the Asia-Pacific region is dominated by long-term contracts in which the price of gas is indexed to that of oil. As the price of gas between Asia and other parts of the world has widened in recent years, observers have raised serious doubts about the sustainability of this pricing model. In this report, the IEA shows what it would take to create a functional, regional natural-gas trading hub in which prices reflect the local supply and demand fundamentals.
The report aims to provide stakeholders with insights on the changes that are required in the Asia-Pacific natural gas sector -- both downstream and upstream -- to allow a competitive natural gas price to emerge. Building on OECD Europe and OECD America experiences, this report sets out to assess perspectives for these changes in the Asia-Pacific natural gas markets. It identifies obstacles and opportunities for a competitive natural gas price in the Asian economies to emerge.
The OECD has been working on water policy reform in the countries of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia for over 20 years. Three of the countries within the region, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have signed Association Agreements with the European Union. These agreements provide a framework for deeper political ties and stronger economic links with the EU and include commitments for approximation towards EU legislation including the Water Framework Directive.
Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have ambitious long-term strategic plans for their water sectors, which include fulfilment of requirements under the Association Agreements and international commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals. The water policy outlooks baseline the country policy framework and current performance and then define the long-term vision and aspirations to 2030. The outlooks aim to demonstrate the likelihood of the current policy framework to achieve the long-term objectives and desired future state of the water sector, and include identification of opportunities for improving policy coherence and policies that have the opportunity to improve the likelihood of success.
This report provides an overview of green infrastructure planning and the use of nature-based solutions in Italy. It identifies key challenges and trade-offs and provides recommendations to promote their uptake across the different levels of government. The report also analyses four case studies that have been identified in agreement with the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport: the Green Node in Bari, the metro line M4 in Milan, the Ridracoli Dam in Emilia-Romagna, and the railway line Bicocca-Catenanuova.
Development Aid at a Glance is a dynamic and comprehensive publication from the OECD focused on the various aspects of aid. For each continent, it provides 40 tables and graphs covering subjects such as trend in aid donors and recipients or distribution of aid by sector, completed by short texts presenting the main aspects of development aid for each region. It also focuses on efforts in the domains of education, health and water, which relate closely to the Millenium Development Goals.
For each table, the book provides a dynamic link (StatLink) which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel(tm) format. Development Aid at a Glance is a key reference for anyone interested in aid issues.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is clear on the need to engage civil society organisations (CSOs) in implementing and monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals. With their capacity to bring the voices of those on the frontlines of poverty, inequality and vulnerability into development processes, CSOs can help to ensure no one is left behind. In order to work to their maximum potential, CSOs need members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) to provide and promote enabling environments.
This study provides a comprehensive review of the various ways in which DAC members support and engage with civil society. It argues that they can do more to make their civil society policies and practices effective. To that end, the study provides action points for further discussion with DAC members, CSOs, and others, to be developed into a guidance or a recommendation for how members can improve the effectiveness of their work with civil society, and, by extension, make environments for CSOs more enabling.
These Development Co-operation Principles for Relevant and Effective Support to Media and the Information Environment are a product of the Development Assistance Committee’s Network on Governance. The Principles aim to respond to the need to ensure that the international response to the crisis in the media sector fits better in a rapidly changing information environment. The Principles were informed by an inclusive consultation process and strongly driven by members and partner organisations.
The OECD’s Development Co-operation Profiles compile and analyse verified statistics and trends on how development assistance is allocated geographically, to sectors, multilateral and civil society organisations, cross-cutting priorities such as gender equality and women’s economic empowerment and the environment and climate, and to mobilise private finance. The profiles cover official and philanthropic providers of aid, official development assistance (ODA) and development finance. These providers include members of the OECD and its Development Assistance Committee (DAC), other countries and philanthropic foundations. The profiles also give an overview of key strategic and policy priorities for development co-operation, the institutional set-up and evaluation systems.
The Development Co-operation Profiles are published annually and are a pillar of the OECD’s Development Co-operation Report . For more than 50 years, the Development Co-operation Report has brought new evidence, analysis and ideas to the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and international community more broadly, shaping policy reform, behaviour change and promoting best practices in development co-operation. Each year the report analyses a fresh policy issue that is timely, relevant or challenging for development co-operation policy and finance. The main report also includes shorter profiles of each provider that present key trends through infographics.
The OECD's annual Development Co-operation Report provides the most complete analysis of the aid efforts made over the past year and sets out the main lines of action required to build for the future. This year's edition examines the role development co-operation might play in the face of global economic, political, social and environmental changes as well as how the implementation of a real global development partnership strategy is coming on and how this strategy can become the cornerstone of development assistance.
This 1999 edition of OECD's annual Development Co-operation Report documents some of the progress achieved and underway in the area of development aid. It tracks DAC Members’ efforts -- qualitative and quantitative -- to move ahead with the implementation of partnership strategies. Policy progress underway and expectations for further action are examined alongside the disturbing picture of further decline in 1997 in aid flows from the larger donors and, for the first time in this decade, an aggregate decline in private flows to the whole range of developing countries.
How can aid and private flows interact to produce a high-quality stream of development financing that reduces poverty and fosters sustainable development? Helping developing countries to establish effective systems for mobilising, allocating and monitoring capital, in productive and sustainable ways, are now key roles for development co-operation, and a main theme of this year’s Development Co-operation Report. The Report finds that ODA has an essential role to play, but future increases in ODA volume will depend on its demonstrated effectiveness in helping to achieve the international development goals, both through country-level partnerships and in broader efforts to expand the supply of global public goods. Thirty years ago, the Pearson Commission wrote that with dynamic growth, developing countries would no longer need aid financing by the end of the century. A growing number of developing countries have indeed made the transition to autonomously financed development, as the Pearson Commission foresaw. And while many poorer countries remain highly dependent on aid, the pattern of their development financing will become more diversified as they establish the private sector-led growth needed to reduce poverty. In the 1990s, private capital flows to developing countries have risen dramatically, with secular expansion of foreign direct investment, but considerable volatility in other forms of private finance. At the same time, the DAC ODA/GNP ratio has fallen to around 0.25%, well below the 0.33% average maintained in the 1970s and 1980s. This is some $20 billion per annum less than aid would have been had the previous level of effort been maintained. This Report suggests that private flows will henceforth remain a multiple of aid flows. In this context, successful integration of developing countries as full partners in the global economy becomes imperative. The Report thus stresses three key strategies for development co-operation in its broadest sense: partnership, governance and policy coherence, and reviews key policy developments in 1999 from this perspective.
One person in five across the globe still lives on less than $1 a day despite the economic boom or rapid growth in many parts of the world. The commitment to halve world poverty, embodied in the international development goals, is now the shared priority of international development co-operation, and the guiding theme of this year's Development Co-operation Report. This year's Report reviews recent progress towards the goals, trends in development finance, and the efforts and policies of aid donors. There is a special focus on two policy measures with a strong potential to reduce poverty: investment in health and attention to gender equality and mainstreaming. Achieving the international development goals remains a challenge. But the success of some countries can serve as a model for others. Partnerships are vital - between developing and developed countries; among governments, civil society and the private sector; and among international organisations. Partnership means sharing responsibility for achieving goals which have received unprecedented international endorsement, and working together towards a world free of poverty and the misery it brings. Whether globalisation promotes integration or exclusion, co-operation or confrontation, depends on the capacity of the world community to manage and guide change. Success will depend on stronger voices and choices for poor women, men and children; on economic growth and stability; on basic social services for all, including basic education and health care; on adequate and well-directed development resources.
The events of 11 September have strengthened the conviction that a world without violence, terrorism and conflict also means a world freed from exclusion, vulnerability and inequality, a world where opportunities exist for all. The 2001 Development Co-operation Report highlights the work over the last year of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee on the multiple challenges of creating such a world.
Chapter I suggests that the international community has now created the consensus and the instruments needed to address these challenges and that what is needed now is a dynamic process of implementation. Chapter II discusses policy coherence issues. In this respect, the adoption in the DAC last year of the Recommendation on Untying ODA to the Least Developed Countries is a breakthrough.
In the perspective of the March 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development, Chapter III considers the means and structures needed to generate the financing required to support the Millennium Development Goals and thus attack global poverty. Chapter IV describes recent developments in the policies and aid programmes of DAC Members and outlines the work of the new DAC Task Force on Donor Practices.
Chapter V shows how preventing violent conflict can bring enormous benefits in terms of poverty reduction and growth, and in terms of world-wide security. Chapter VI focuses on the Information and Communication Technology - a vital tool for development -, and on its immense potential to change the "aid business" and create new models for development.
This year’s report also includes a "Special Module" on monitoring progress on the Millennium Development Goals and a new section - "The DAC at Work" - which provides information on the structure and work of the Development Assistance Committee, its subsidiary bodies, and the Development Co-operation Directorate.
Development results and aid effectiveness have moved to the centre of the development debate and all players are looking at a more results-oriented approach. OECD countries want assurance that they get value for their development donations. In partner countries, citizens are demanding better public expenditure management, including aid allocations, from their governments. Using the Millennium Development Goals as a common yard-stick, both donor and partner countries can measure, monitor and manage aid effectiveness by tracking the results of policies to ensure that they follow a logical chain to reach the desired results. The Development Assistance Committee is working with both its members and partners to improve aid policies and evaluate their implementation in the field. What works and why is examined through discussions with donors and partners to identify and adapt key lessons learned in the areas of accountability, evaluation and reporting for goals such as poverty reduction, public/private partnerships and water and sanitation services. The enormous challenge now will be to optimise these opportunities in order to make the joint efforts of donors and their partners more effective for people in developing countries.
The authoritative source of information on the foreign aid policies and programmes of donor countries, the annual Development Co-operation Report by the Chair of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) presents detailed statistics and analysis, this year focusing on progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Progress is examined both from the point of view of broad strategy, and also by examining progress achieved on each of the eight Goals.
This edition of the "DAC Report" also examines how to integrate security issues into sustainable development, and includes a special chapter on Aid for Water Supply and Sanitation. The extensive statistical annex present more than 100 pages of data on total resource flows, aid performance by DAC members, multilateral aid, sectoral allocation of aid, terms and conditions of aid, geographical distribution of aid, aid by non-DAC donors, and key reference indicators.
The authoritative source of information on the foreign aid policies and programmes of donor countries, the annual Development Co-operation Report by the Chair of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) presents detailed statistics and analysis, this year providing an insight into some of the urgent and intractable issues that members have been working together to address in 2005.
Will donor countries reach the annual target of USD 130 billion by 2010? Where is aid going and how can it be used more effectively? Does technical co-oepration - paying experts from developed countries to work in developing countries - make sense? Is enough being done to stimulate growth to benefit the lives of poor people? As always, this account is complemented by comprehensive statistical information on aid flows, reflecting the DAC's role in accounting transparently for the activities of its members.
Also, for the first time, this edition includes StatLinks linking tables and graphs in the print and PDF versions to ready-made Excel tables on the web.
Anyone wanting to know the state of the art in development assistance should read the Development Co-operation Report 2005.
--Dr. Michael Hofmann, Director of the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, Bonn, Germany
Essential reading for anyone involved in aid, development co-operation and poverty reduction…The statistical section of the report is a mine of authoritative information.
--Judith Randel, Partner, Development Initiatives, Somerset, UK
This authoritative report surveys the field, celebrates progress and, in some areas, signals problems ahead.
--Simon Maxwell, Director of the Overseas Development Institute, London, UK
This report brings clear analysis of aid’s shortcomings.
--Nancy Birdsall, President of the Center for Global Development, Washington, D.C., USA
The OECD Development Assistance Committee's annual report on international aid. This year's edition includes an overview reviewing recent trends in aid volume, allocation, and effectiveness. A special chapter looks at how aid for trade can be made more effective. Preliminary findings from the 2006 Baseline Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration are also presented. Individual chapters for each donor country summarize key features of each country's programme including data on total flows, breakdowns by income group, geographical region and sector, and listing of the top ten recipients. Country chapters also include commentary on the donor's commitment to the MDGs, aid effectiveness, and policy coherence. The comprehensive statistical annex provides graphs and tables showing the evolution of aid flows.