Browse by: "2019"

한국 농업은 변화하는 국내수요를 충족시키고, 경쟁력을 보유한 제조업과의 보조를 맞추도록 생산성을 향상시키며, 국제수준으로 경쟁력을 갖추라는 거센 압력을 받고 있다. 현재까지 정부는 가격지지, 직불금, 세금우대, 투입재 비용감면 등을 통해 농가소득에 대한 광범위한 지원을 제공해왔다. 그러나 이제는 농업부문의 저소득 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 일반 사회보장정책과 농정의 연계가 요구되며, 젊은 세대를 위한 고용기회를 창출하기 위해서는 보다 포괄적인 농촌개발정책이 필요하다.
한국은 풍부하고 독특한 식문화가 반영된 차별적인 농산물과 가공식품의 수출가능성을 모색해야 한다. 이러한 농업부문의 잠재력을 발휘하려면 농업정책은 상업농과 농업법인, 기업 등의 생산성과 지속가능성을 개선하고, 식품가공 분야를 발전시키는 데 초점을 맞추어야 한다. 한국의 농업혁신시스템은 정보통신기술(ICT)의 강력한 경쟁우위를 토대로 보다 통합되고 협력적인 체계로 발전해야 한다.

This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the United States. Using micro-data survey responses, regional and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into how employment responds to labour market disruption and the drivers of household financial vulnerability in the United States. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of OECD and academic researchers.

This review of higher education policy in Mexico was requested by the Mexican Ministry of Education to take stock of progress since the last OECD review of the higher education system in Mexico, published in 2008, and to support development of the new government’s National Development Plan and Sectoral Education Programme. 
The report examines the state of the higher education sector in Mexico and analyses key policies implemented by the federal and state governments. It assesses national governance and co-operation structures that help to guide the higher education system, and the relevance of existing national strategies. It also looks at public funding of higher education institutions, how the quality of higher education programmes is assured; and the extent to which the higher education system contributes to equity. The report concludes by exploring two key sectors of higher education: teacher education colleges and professional and technical institutions.   
A companion volume focusing on the labour market relevance and outcomes of higher education is also available: Higher Education in Mexico: Labour Market Relevance and Outcomes.  

This review assesses Chile's public health system, highlights areas of strength and weakness, and makes a number of recommendations for improvement. The review examines Chile's public health system architecture, and how well policies are responding to significant population health challenges including high rates of overweight and obesity, and relatively high smoking rates. In particular, the review assesses Chile's policies designed to tackle obesity and improve healthy diets. The review also examines Chile's cancer screening and prevention system and, finally, looks at how genetic and genomic medicine are being used to strengthen public health and preventive care in Chile.

This report looks at ways to improve the resilience of systems to deal with the unexpected arrival of large inflows of refugees and other vulnerable migrants. It begins with an overview of the recent flows of migrants seeking protection, discusses the expected economic impact of these flows, and notes what has been an unprecedented multilateral response. It then examines the process of integrating refugees and other vulnerable migrants, in terms of their economic and social outcomes, as well as specific factors of vulnerability. It also provides a comprehensive assessment of the transition policies in place to support their livelihood in destination and transit countries, as well as in origin countries upon return. Finally, the report tackles issues of anticipation, monitoring and reacting, examining the role of early warning mechanisms and the challenge of improving information so as to better monitor integration outcomes and frame policies.

Living standards and wellbeing are high in Denmark. Economic conditions have improved in recent years and the steady expansion is projected to continue. A prolonged series of pension and benefit reforms has delivered sound public finances and strengthened potential growth, among others by indexation of statutory retirement ages to life expectancy. Improving public sector efficiency remains a challenge and would benefit from further digitalisation and reform of collective bargaining. Danish firms are close to the technological frontier thanks to digitalisation and favourable business framework conditions. Nonetheless, productivity growth has been disappointing in the recent past with a particular weakness in less knowledge-intensive service industries. Boosting productivity growth is essential to ensure that living standards and wellbeing remain high. This requires further improving business framework conditions, notably competition pressures. Policy needs to embrace innovative technologies by leaning against attempts to discourage or exclude them and by tackling unintended or outmoded obstacles in legislation and regulation. Reducing high marginal taxes, broadening innovation activity and attracting more high-skilled foreign workers are also priorities.

SPECIAL FEATURES: PRODUCTIVITY; BUSINESS FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS

Corporate Tax Statistics brings together a range of information to support the analysis of corporate taxation and base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) practices. This is the first edition of the publication, which was a key output of Action 11 of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project and its package of 15 measures adopted in 2015 to address tax avoidance. The new publication and its accompanying database includes four main categories of data on corporate tax rates, revenues, effective tax rates, and tax incentives for R&D and innovation amongst other data series, and covers OECD jurisdictions as well as jurisdictions from the Inclusive Framework on BEPS.

Statistiques de l'impôt sur les sociétés rassemble un ensemble d'informations pour soutenir l'analyse de la fiscalité des entreprises et des pratiques d'érosion de la base d'imposition et de transfert de bénéfices (BEPS). Il s'agit de la première édition de cette publication, qui a été l'un des principaux résultats de l'action 11 du projet BEPS de l'OCDE/G20 et de son ensemble de 15 mesures adoptées en 2015 pour lutter contre l'évasion fiscale. La nouvelle publication et la base de données qui l'accompagne comprennent quatre grandes catégories de données sur les taux d'imposition des sociétés, les recettes, les taux d'imposition effectifs et les incitations fiscales à la R&D et l'innovation, entre autres séries de données, et couvrent les juridictions de l'OCDE ainsi que les juridictions du Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS.

This publication is a sequel to the OECD 2015 report on Social Impact Investment (SII), Building the Evidence Base, bringing new evidence on the role of SII in financing sustainable development. It depicts the state of play of SII approaches globally, comparing regional trends, and assesses its prospects, with a special focus on data issues and recent policy developments. Importantly, it provides new guidance for policy makers in OECD and non-OECD countries, as well as providers of development co-operation, development financers, social impact investment practitioners and the private sector more broadly, to help them maximise the contribution of social impact investing to the 2030 Agenda. In particular, it provides four sets of recommendations on financing, innovation, data and policy for delivering on the “impact imperative” of financing sustainable development.

Grâce à une expansion économique constante et à des politiques publiques efficaces, les taux de pauvreté et les inégalités sont en repli et l’accès aux services publics se développe. La croissance du revenu par habitant est solide. Pourtant, le déficit d’infrastructures demeure important, et il faudrait augmenter les dépenses de santé et d’action sociale pour que la croissance profite au plus grand nombre. De même, le bien-être gagnerait à une meilleure prise en compte de la situation environnementale.

L’économie espagnole continue sur la lancée d’une croissance vigoureuse et équilibrée. La nette embellie sur le front de l’emploi a permis de réduire le chômage et de soutenir la consommation des ménages. Diverses réformes structurelles (examinées en détail dans l’édition 2017 de l’Étude économique de l’Espagne) ont contribué à la reprise. Les déséquilibres sont en cours de correction, avec une augmentation de la part des échanges en valeur ajoutée, une réduction de la dette privée et un système financier plus sain. Il est primordial d’entretenir la dynamique des réformes structurelles, notamment des marchés du travail et des produits, pour améliorer la résilience de l’économie espagnole à de futurs chocs.

Les résultats économiques se sont nettement améliorés depuis la fin, en 2013, de la grave crise économique qu’a traversée la Slovénie. S’agissant de l’avenir, le gouvernement élabore une Stratégie nationale de développement pour créer une économie à croissance plus rapide et plus inclusive, forte d’entreprises compétitives intégrées dans l’économie mondiale. L’une des grandes caractéristiques de cette stratégie tient à ce qu’elle prend en compte les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) de l’ONU. Ces objectifs doivent aller de pair avec des mesures garantes de la viabilité des finances publiques et de leur équité intergénérationnelle, offrant à tous les Slovènes une longue durée de vie en bonne santé.

Dans un contexte marqué par l’augmentation considérable de la population, par la poursuite attendue d’une hausse du taux d’activité de la main-d’œuvre et par des afflux massifs de réfugiés, une forte croissance et des créations d’emplois vigoureuses figurent en tête des attentes de la population et de l’agenda des pouvoirs publics. Parallèlement, les niveaux de vie ont progressé, mais plus pour ce qui concerne les conditions matérielles que du point de vue d’autres mesures de la qualité de la vie. En outre, un certain nombre d’inégalités perdurent, illustrant les difficultés rencontrées pour rendre la croissance plus inclusive.
 

Over the past two decades, most Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have experienced robust economic growth and been able to make significant reductions in poverty and income inequality. However, growth in the region was not strong enough to ensure convergence towards levels of per capita income observed in advanced OECD economies. An important part of this underperformance can be explained by weak productivity growth. Should this weakness persist, it will be very difficult for LAC countries to achieve better lives for the majority of families. The present publication portrays the situation of LAC countries and discusses best-practice policies. Participation in global value chains is encouraged to enable knowledge spillovers and a process of learning by doing. More regional trade integration would help this process, as Latin America ranks very low and remains a sizeable outlier. The diffusion of knowledge and technology would be facilitated by making it easier to do business, notably allowing new entrants that are facing high barriers to operate and grow. Improved access to education is important to meet the demand for skills, and to boost innovation and research and development, which is particularly true in a context of fast technological change.

The Sami have lived for time immemorial in an area that today extends across the Kola Peninsula in Russia, northern Finland, northern Norway's coast and inland, and the northern half of Sweden. The Sami play an important role in these northern economies thanks to their use of land, their involvement in reindeer husbandry, agriculture/farming and food production, and connection with the region’s tourism industry. However, in Sweden, as in the other states where the Sami live, the connections with regional development are often inconsistent and weak, and could do more to support the preservation and promotion of Sami culture and create new employment and business opportunities. This study, together with the OECD’s broader thematic work on this topic, provides actionable recommendations on how to better include the Sami and other Indigenous Peoples in regional development strategies, learning from and incorporating their own perspectives on sustainable development in the process.