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This review of human resource management (HRM) in Belgian government is the first country review of its kind to be carried out by the OECD. It provides a detailed diagnosis and solutions for improving the management of government employees in the Brussels-Capital Region, Federal Government, Flemish Government, French Community and Walloon Region. The report compares the policies and practices of Belgium with those in other OECD countries, as well as those across different governments in Belgium. Recommendations suggest that governments should reform the intergovernmental framework on employment to remove rigidities and enhance co-operation, pay special attention to staff productivity and efficiency, and enhance the good governance of their HRM systems.
Social economy -- also known as 'non-profit' or 'third sector' -- organisations have grown in number and relevance, contributing to employment, social inclusion, democratic participation and community building. Much remains to be done, however, to create the necessary enabling environment to support their creation and development and to mainstream the sector in economic and social policies. This publication offers new insights into the economic theory of social economy organisations, their role in an evolving political and economic context, and the links to local development and the empowerment of users. Building on theoretical and empirical developments in OECD member countries, the publication also presents the main challenges for the social economy in Central East and South East Europe. Recommendations for action are included.
Ce volume fournit des informations quantitatives sur les titres d’emprunt d’État pour les 30 pays membres de l’OCDE en vue de répondre aux besoins analytiques des utilisateurs tels que les pouvoirs publics, les spécialistes de la gestion de la dette et les analystes de marché. Les statistiques sont présentées selon un plan d’ensemble normalisé pour permettre une comparaison entre les différents pays. Les notes par pays donnent des informations sur les émissions de titres d’emprunt dans chacun des pays, ainsi que sur le cadre institutionnel et réglementaire dans lequel s’inscrivent la politique de gestion de la dette et les techniques de vente.
Madrid has experienced impressive dynamic economic growth in recent years, making the best of the positive business cycle in Spain. The capital region absorbs more than a half of the total FDI in Spain and has extended its economic relations with Latin American countries. Growth has occurred largely in the service sector (financial, banking, business services) as well as in logistics (Madrid Barajas Airport is the largest employer in the region). The large investment in public goods, and particularly in transportation infrastructure and cultural amenities, has contributed to attracting firms and workers, creating a virtuous cycle of accumulated wealth. Unemployment has reached a low level (6.5% in 2006) and the growth rate has surpassed the national average as well as the average for OECD metro-regions. There is, however, a concern with how to sustain this positive economic path in the long run. The main challenges to be addressed include a relatively low productivity level, insufficient specialisation in high-value added manufacturing activities, a low innovation capacity, job-skills mismatches (especially for immigrants), transport congestion and housing rental shortage. Public policy making and the governance framework have evolved to provide the metro-region with many of the institutional resources that are needed to make decisions and effectively implement public policies. However, some adaptations will be necessary to effectively address the forthcoming challenges.
The Territorial Review of Madrid is integrated into a series of thematic reviews on metropolitan regions undertaken by the OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee. The overall aim of these case studies is to draw and disseminate horizontal policy recommendations for national governments.
The Mexican state of Yucatán, with its strategically important location near the United States, Central America and the Caribbean, is one of the most dynamic regions in the OECD. Yucatán is also a land of contrasts. It is a lagging but growing region, offering a high quality of life and vast natural resources, yet suffering from problems of sustainability. Its tourism attractions are located in rural areas that do not benefit from them. It has both state and Peninsula medical services, but its health services coverage is uneven. Yucatan is a centre for higher education in the Peninsula, yet its graduates do not find jobs. It has a number of marginalised communities in fragmented administrative bodies, and although the Peninsular states share a common cultural heritage and attractiveness, their institutions do not co-operate.
Clearly, Yucatán is not taking full advantage of its many resources, and in fact, challenges in the region threaten to undermine local assets. Among these is the need to upgrade activities to higher value-added innovation and design processes, and to foster primary activities to reach international markets. While the state government has proposed programmes to spur formalisation of the informal economy, measures such as better regulation, cutting red tape and providing employment opportunities and access to formal credit could have a greater impact. The lack of a shared, coherent long-term vision is a fundamental challenge to improving regional competitiveness and social cohesion in Yucatán. The OECD’s recommendations can only be part of a larger strategy to develop a collective vision of the state’s future.Cutting red tape and improving business conditions have become a priority in OECD countries. This study of the Netherlands, one of the front runners in the field, is the first OECD review of a national programme for administrative simplification. The report describes the key features of the Dutch programme including the measurement of burdens, the use of incentives and targets, and whole-of-government co-ordination. The OECD assessment of the success of the Dutch programme is based on comparisons with other countries, and on evidence of the economic impact of reforms. The report explores options for future work on administrative simplification relevant to OECD countries, highlighting the need to communicate better with stakeholders, cover compliance costs for business more broadly, and look at burdens on citizens and administrations.
Cutting red tape to improve business conditions has become a priority in OECD countries. This pilot study measures and compares administrative burdens in the transport sector across eleven member countries: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and Turkey. The aim of the exercise is twofold: to identify good practices and provide input for national simplification strategies, and to develop and test a method for cross-country comparison. This report is published in English only. However, a French translation of the executive summary has been included in this volume.
« Nicolas Pinaud a réalisé un travail magistral dans lequel il dresse l’état des lieux des connaissances, tant théoriques que pratiques, dont nous disposons au niveau mondial et propose une vue d’ensemble complète et impartiale des avantages potentiels -- mais aussi des risques -- d’un approfondissement des relations entre le monde des affaires et l’État. »
- Ben Ross Schneider, Professeur de sciences politiques, Northwestern University.
"Nicolas Pinaud does a masterful job of surveying the state of our knowledge -- both in theory and practice around the world -- and offers a thorough and balanced review of the potential benefits as well as risks of closer relations between business and government."
-Ben Ross Schneider, Professor of Political Science, Northwestern University.
Der zunehmend komplexe Charakter der Bestechungsstrukturen wirft die Frage auf, wie sich Korruptionshandlungen im öffentlichen Auftragswesen feststellen lassen. Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt, wie in den verschiedenen Stadien öffentlicher Vergabeverfahren Bestechungshandlungen begangen werden, in welchem Zusammenhang die Bestechung im öffentlichen Auftragswesen zu anderen Straftaten, wie Betrug und Geldwäsche, steht und wie sich derartige Straftaten verhindern und sanktionieren lassen. Es werden zehn Fallbeispiele angeführt.
Der Bericht wirft ein neues Licht auf die undurchsichtigen Mechanismen und Strukturen der Bestechung im öffentlichen Beschaffungswesen und bietet Insiderwissen, das Regierungen und internationale Organisationen zur Verbesserung ihrer Korruptionsbekämpfungsmaßnahmen nutzen können.
El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) cooperan en el derecho de la competencia y la política para promover el aumento del crecimiento económico, empleo y eficiencia económica, y un nivel de vida medio más elevado en el mediano y largo plazo. Hay un creciente consenso que las leyes de competencia y política sólidas son esenciales para alcanzar estos objetivos.
La cooperación del BID y la OCDE en el derecho de la competencia y la política se centra en reuniones anuales del Foro Latinoamericano de Competencia (FLC). Las reuniones del FLC incluyen substancialmente discusiones en mesas redondas y revisiones por pares de las leyes nacionales y las instituciones. La OCDE y el BID están satisfechos de participar en este trabajo como parte de sus esfuerzos para promover un mejor ambiente de negocios para la inversión en los países de América Latina y del Caribe.
Tout en décrivant le contexte macroéconomique, cet ouvrage présente un panorama des résultats et des enjeux de la réforme de la réglementation, dans des domaines comme la qualité réglementaire, la politique de la concurrence et l'ouverture des marchés. Il met également l'accent sur la gouvernance réglementaire entre divers niveaux d'administration, ainsi que sur la politique de l'environnement.
Qui dit contrats de travaux publics dit souvent réalisations et budgets d’envergure. Les marchés publics représentent en moyenne 15 % du PIB dans les pays de l’OCDE. Étant donné la complexité des méthodes de corruption dans les marchés mondialisés, le problème est de repérer la corruption dans les marchés publics. S'appuyant sur les contributions de magistrats, d'enquêteurs spécialisés et d'experts en matière d'achats publics, ce rapport répond à trois grandes questions: comment les infractions de corruption sont commises aux différentes étapes de la passation des marchés publics; comment la corruption est à mettre en relation avec d’autres infractions telles que la fraude ou le blanchiment; et enfin comment prévenir et sanctionner de telles infractions. Les motivations et comportements des différents acteurs de la corruption sont également mis en lumière. Dix études de cas sont présentées.
L’ouvrage synthétise les résultats des examens métropolitains de l’OCDE. S’appuyant sur une base de données internationale sans équivalent de 78 régions métropoles, il donne des indications sur les performances des grandes villes dans leur contexte national. Le rapport aborde aussi des dilemmes cruciaux tels que cohésion sociale et compétitivité, relations entre niveaux de gouvernement et finances urbaines.
This book reviews the experiences of eight OECD countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Korea, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States) which have developed and used performance information in the budget process over the past ten years. It examines whether performance information is actually used in budgetary decision making. If so, how? What are the links between resources and results? What impact has there been on improving efficiency, effectiveness and performance? What lessons have been learned from country experiences in applying this approach over a number of years? This book offers guidelines and recommendations on adapting budget systems to promote the use of performance information.
La base légale sur laquelle reposent le processus budgétaire et le rôle des acteurs de ce processus est très différente d’un pays à l’autre de l’OCDE. Les États-Unis, par exemple, disposent d’une douzaine de lois à l’appui du processus budgétaire du gouvernement fédéral tandis que le Danemark et la Norvège n’ont jamais adopté de telles dispositions législatives.
Pour mieux comprendre cette situation, cet ouvrage procède à une analyse comparative des cadres juridiques du processus budgétaire de 13 pays de l’OCDE. Il présente des études de cas détaillées des législations budgétaires nationales et identifie les raisons pour lesquelles les cadres juridiques présentent une telle disparité. L’ouvrage traite également des théories de finance publique et d’économie politique constitutionnelle, et analyse les normes pour un cadre juridique optimal.
S’attachant tout particulièrement aux points communs autant qu’aux divergences des lois (constitutions et lois statutaires relatives au système budgétaire), cette analyse comparative sera utile à tout pays envisageant de modifier sa législation budgétaire.