Browse by: "2010"

Innovation drives long-term economic growth. It has a crucial role to play as global economies recover from the current financial crisis. This book examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa. It investigates innovation systems and their application; the key role of knowledge in innovation for development; and the importance of comparable country studies and official statistics on innovation. It stresses the need for innovation to become part of a comprehensive development agenda, and makes recommendations for promoting activities in both the formal and informal sectors, with the aim of transforming agriculture into a knowledge-based industry capable of stimulating economic growth.

Innovation and the Development Agenda is an important component of the overall OECD Innovation Strategy, which seeks to create stronger and more sustainable growth, while addressing the key global challenges of the 21st century. It is also part of the Innovation, Technology, and Society programme of IDRC. For more information on IDRC programmes see www.idrc.ca.

As Perspectivas Económicas em África avaliam, anualmente, a situação económica recente da maioria dos países africanos e a sua evolução provável a curto prazo. Esta versão portuguesa inclui os cinco países lusófonos e mais um CD-Rom com as análises do resto de países em inglês e francês. Os dados apresentados são baseados em estudos sobre países, articulados em torno de um tema único de análise. Esse quadro comum compreende um exercício de previsões para o ano em curso e para os dois anos seguintes, utilizando um modelo macroeconómico simples, assim como uma análise do contexto políticosocial. Apresenta também um sumário comparativo das perspectivas dos diversos países estudados, o qual permite situar a evolução das economias africanas dentro do contecto económico mundial. Um anexo estatístico completa este volume.

Este estudo é fruto da colaboração entre o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento, a Comissão Económica das Nações Unidas para a África e o Centro de Desenvolvimento da OCDE.

O Centro de Desenvolvimento da OCDE gostaria de agradecer à Delegação de Portugal junto da OCDE e ao Instituto Português de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento (IPAD) pela sua generosa contribuição para a tradução e publicação deste documento.

El cambio climático es una amenaza seria y a largo plazo que puede afectar a cualquier parte del mundo. Su impacto negativo golpeará a los países pobres y a las capas de población más desfavorecidas de manera desproporcionada, complicando aún más el logro de sus objetivos de desarrollo.

La guía Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ofrece información esencial y consejos sobre cómo facilitar la integración de la adaptación al cambio climático en los procesos de desarrollo. Los objetivos de esta guía son los siguientes: i) facilitar la comprensión de las implicaciones del cambio climático en la práctica del desarrollo y promover la necesidad asociada de integrar la adaptación al cambio climático en las políticas y prácticas de desarrollo tanto de los organismos de cooperación como de los países socios, ii) identificar los enfoques más adecuados para integrar la adaptación al cambio climático en las políticas de desarrollo a nivel nacional, sectorial y de proyecto, tanto en zonas urbanas como en zonas rurales, y iii) determinar modalidades prácticas para que los donantes apoyen a los países socios en sus esfuerzos para reducir su vulnerabilidad a la variabilidad climática y el cambio climático. Aunque los esfuerzos por integrar la adaptación al cambio climático ha de ser dirigido por los países socios, los donantes internacionales tienen un papel crítico que desempeñar en el apoyo a esos esfuerzos.

Esta guía para la orientación de políticas está destinada especialmente a responsables políticos, a profesionales de organismos de cooperación al desarrollo y sus contrapartes en los gobiernos de los países, y a otras partes interesadas, tales como organizaciones no gubernamentales.

Der Jahresbericht des OECD-Entwicklungsausschusses (DAC) ist das einschlägige Referenzdokument für Statistiken und Analysen zu den jüngsten Trends in der internationalen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit.

Angesichts der Tatsache, dass nur noch fünf Jahre bleiben, um die Millenniumsentwicklungsziele zu erreichen, ist noch viel zu tun, zumal die Aufgabe infolge der Wirtschafts-, Nahrungsmittel- und Klimakrise der letzten Jahre noch schwieriger geworden ist. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird beschrieben, wie der DAC unverzüglich reagiert hat, indem er die Entwicklungsdimension dieser Krisen fest auf der Politikagenda verankert und dafür gesorgt hat, dass sich die Entwicklungsgemeinschaft weiterhin schwerpunktmäßig auf die Bereitstellung von mehr EZ-Leistungen und eine raschere EZ-Abwicklung konzentriert.

In Zeiten wirtschaftlicher Ungewissheit ist es für die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit besonders wichtig, dass das Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis der EZ-Leistungen stimmt und gewährleistet wird, dass die Leistungen nicht zweckentfremdet werden. Um hierfür zu sorgen, hat die Entwicklungsgemeinschaft mit einer Reihe von Maßnahmen reagiert, darunter die verstärkte Fokussierung auf das Problem der Korruption, die Festlegung und Bekanntgabe klarer Vorgaben in Bezug auf die Entwicklungseffekte, die zunehmende Nutzung der Systeme und Verfahren der Partnerländer für den Kapazitätsaufbau sowie die Intensivierung der Bemühungen zu Gunsten der ärmsten 30% der Entwicklungsländer – ein entscheidender Schritt auf dem Weg zur Erreichung der Millenniumsentwicklungsziele. Der Bericht informiert ferner darüber, wie die DAC-Mitgliedsländer ihre Entwicklungszusammenarbeit in den kommenden Jahrzehnten wirklich effektiv gestalten wollen, indem sie gewährleisten, dass die Problematik des Klimawandels in all ihren Politikentscheidungen berücksichtigt wird, und ein breiter fundiertes, inklusiveres Politikkonzept ausarbeiten.

Dieser Bericht wird zur Erleichterung des Zugangs zu wichtigen Arbeiten des OECD-Entwicklungsausschusses und zur wirkungsvollen Unterstützung der Entwicklungsgemeinschaft über den schnellen und einfachen Zugriff auf die Analysen und Statistiken auch im Internet veröffentlicht.

Since 2002, the annual African Economic Outlook has been charting the progress of the continent’s economies. Africa was propelled by seven years of strong growth from 2002 to 2008, only to be stopped in its tracks by the world’s deepest and most widespread recession in half a century. This edition finds the continent struggling to get back on its feet and identify new, more crisis-resilient practices for moving forward. In this context, decision makers in African and OECD countries, both in the public and private sectors, will find this year's analysis of particular interest for their activities.

Jointly published by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the OECD Development Centre and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African Economic Outlook project is generously supported by the European Development Fund. It combines the expertise accumulated by the OECD – which produces the OECD Economic Outlook twice yearly – with the knowledge of the AfDB, UNECA and a network of African research institutions on African economies.

This year’s Outlook reviews recent economic, social and political developments and the short-term likely evolution of 50 African countries. The African Economic Outlook is drawn from a country-by-country analysis based on a unique common framework. This includes a forecasting exercise for 2010 to 2012 using a simple macroeconomic model, together with an analysis of the social and political context. Its overview chapter provides a comparative synthesis of African country prospects which places the evolution of African economies in the world economic context. A statistical appendix completes the volume.  

African Economic Outlook 2010 focuses on public resource mobilisation and aid in Africa, presenting a comprehensive review of best practices in tax administration, policies and multilateral agreements, including recommendations for meeting future challenges. The role that aid should play to help African countries mobilise their public resources to meet their development goals is also discussed. The original dataset that resulted from the 50-country analysis will be made available for free on www.africaneconomicoutlook.org.

Shifting Wealth is the first edition of Perspectives on Global Development, a new publication from the OECD Development Centre.

Shifting Wealth examines the changing dynamics of the global economy over the last 20 years, and in particular the impact of the economic rise of large developing countries, such as China and India, on the poor. It details new patterns in assets and flows within the global economy and highlights the strengthening of “South-South” links – the increasing interactions between developing countries through trade, aid and foreign direct investment.

What do these changes imply for development and development policy? The report explores potential policy responses at both national and international levels. Nationally, developing countries' need to re-position their development strategies to capitalise on the increasing potential of South-South co-operation and to fully benefit from new macroeconomic drivers. Internationally, the global governance architecture needs to adjust to better reflect current economic weights.

“OECD Perspectives on Global Development is a very welcome new publication that contributes to investigating the permanent structural breaks with the past now occurring in the global economy. It documents the need to address new challenges in development finance and social development.” -- Justin Yifu Lin, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, The World Bank

"Perspectives on Global Development is a landmark report about the biggest economic story of our era. It describes and analyses the new economic world we live in, where countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America provide the dynamism for future growth. It shows how this shift in the economic centre of gravity is cause for optimism, rather than consternation."  --Alan Hirsch, Deputy Director General: Policy, South African Presidency

"Based on the irrefutable fact that some developing economies have grown very rapidly in recent decades, some of this study’s analytical and policy conclusions will undoubtedly contribute to important debates as the world strives to draw appropriate lessons from the varied experiences of the last two decades, and especially the last two years." --Jomo Kwame Sundaram, UN Assistant Secretary General for Economic Development

"In this volume, the OECD Development Centre lays bare a new era of economic development. But in doing so, it poses the big questions of sustainability – namely, what development means for the social, political, and economic fabric of an increasingly globalised world." --Stephen S. Roach, Chairman‪, Morgan Stanley Asia

Depuis 2002, la publication annuelle Perspectives économiques en Afrique a surveillé le progrès des économies du continent. L’Afrique a beaucoup progressé au cours des sept années de forte croissance entre 2002 et 2008, mais son élan a été coupé court par la récession la plus profonde et la plus étendue de ces dernières 50 années. Cette édition montre un continent se remettant difficilement de la crise et essayant d’identifier de nouvelles pratiques plus résistantes aux chocs économiques, afin de retrouver le progrès. Dans ce contexte, les décideurs politiques des pays africains et de l’OCDE, dans les secteurs public comme privé, trouveront un intérêt particulier à l’édition actuelle dans le cadre de leurs activités.

Publié conjointement par la Banque africaine de développement (BAD), le Centre de développement de l’OCDE et la Commission économique des Nations-Unies pour l’Afrique (CEA), le projet Perspectives économiques en Afrique est généreusement soutenu par le Fonds de développement européen. Il combine l’expertise accumulée par l’OCDE, qui publie les Perspectives économiques de l’OCDE deux fois par an, avec les connaissances de la BAD, de la CEA et un réseau de centres de recherches africains sur les économies africaines.   

Les Perspectives de cette année examinent les développements récents dans les secteurs économique, social et politique, ainsi que l’évolution probable à court-terme de 50 pays africains. Les Perspectives économiques de l’Afrique sont tirées d’une analyse pays-par-pays basée sur un cadre commun unique. Cela inclut un exercice de prévision de 2010 à 2012 basé sur un modèle macroéconomique simple, ainsi qu’une analyse du contexte social et politique. Le chapitre sur la vue d’ensemble de la situation contient une synthèse comparative des perspectives des pays africains, plaçant ainsi l’évolution des économies africaines dans le contexte économique mondial. Un annexe statistique complète le volume.

Les Perspectives économiques de l’Afrique 2010 met l’accent sur la mobilisation des ressources et de l’aide publiques en Afrique, présentant un rapport détaillé des meilleures pratiques d’administration fiscale, de politique et d’accords multilatéraux, y compris des recommandations sur la manière d’aborder les défis à venir. Le rôle de l’aide au développement dans la mobilisation des ressources publiques des pays africains pour atteindre leurs objectifs de développement est également abordé. Les données d’origine, résultat de l’analyse des 50 pays, sera disponible gratuitement sur www.africaneconomicoutlook.org.

More than one-third of Official Development Assistance is spent annually on fragile and conflict-affected countries. Nonetheless, aid does not always flow promptly and effectively to where it is most needed, especially in countries recovering from conflict. The Accra Agenda for Action, recent peer reviews by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (OECD DAC) and the UN Secretary-General’s report “Peacebuilding in the Immediate Aftermath of Conflict” agree: international engagement is less than optimal, especially in guiding and implementing transition financing processes.
 
While many determining forces in fragile and conflict-affected countries are outside donor control, decisions about which activities to finance and how to finance them influence these countries’ path out of conflict. This is because financing is about much more than the flow of resources: it affects behaviour, aid architecture, power and influence, priorities, and capacity development. And because it signals approval or disapproval, there is no neutral choice: a financing decision has consequences that go far beyond the timescale and scope of the funded activity.
 
This report will help OECD DAC members and partners to map out more effective, rapid and flexible transition financing. This includes improving current policies and practices in financial flows, implementing procedural and cultural changes in donor administrations, and maximising use of the instruments available for in-country transition financing. The report also addresses improving the operational effectiveness of pooled funding instruments, clarifying the link between funding instruments and national ownership, and adopting a new approach to identify and prioritise specific transition needs.

The Development Co-operation Report, issued by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), is the key annual reference for statistics and analysis on the latest trends in international aid.

With only five years left to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), much remains to be done. The task has become even more challenging given the economic, food and climate change crises of recent years. This report describes how the DAC has responded swiftly, putting the development dimension of these crises firmly on the political agenda and keeping the development community focused on providing more aid, and delivering it more effectively.

In times of economic uncertainty, it is particularly important for aid to provide value for money, and to ensure that it is not misused. The development community has responded by sharpening its focus on corruption; targeting and communicating clear development impacts; working increasingly through developing countries’ own systems to build capacity; and intensifying efforts in the poorest 30% of developing countries – a critical step toward achieving the MDGs. The report also describes how the DAC member countries intend to make their aid truly effective in the decades to come, by ensuring that climate change is addressed in each of their policy choices and by developing a broader, more inclusive approach.