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At this workshop, participants (i) shared information about different types of chemical monitoring programmes conducted by countries and international bodies; (ii) shared experiences of using measured data in environmental exposure assessment; (iii) identified ways to improve monitoring programmes so that data from them are of high quality and are appropriate for use in exposure assessment; (iv) identified ways that existing monitoring data can be used to calibrate and validate exposure models; and (v) recommended further work for OECD and/or others, as appropriate.
As part of the OECD's Pesticide Programme, a Workshop on Avian Toxicity Testing was held in Pensacola, Florida, on 4-7 December 1994. It was jointly organised by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and the OECD. This Workshop report considers the fundamental reasons information about the toxicity of chemicals to birds is needed, and thereby identify the critical features which are essential for the tests used to generate this information; evaluates the positive and negative features of existing test methods, and of proposed alternatives, against the required critical features; develops proposals for the revision and development of OECD Test Guidelines for avian toxicity and avoidance tests, as appropriate; and develops a framework to govern the way these tests are requested and used in practice in risk assessment.
The workshop report reviews the options available for the analysis of data from ecotoxicity tests; compares their advantages and disadvantages; recommends (a) the most appropriate approach for deriving a summary parameter(s) which has (have) scientific validity and (b) further work to be undertaken by the OECD and/or others, as appropriate.
This report presents a revised anlaysis of responses received from member countries to the Questionnaire on Data Requirements for Acute Oral Toxicity.
This document is the report of the Ring Test of the February 1994 OECD draft Guideline 202, part II on Daphnia magna Reproduction Test, which was conducted in 1994. It also includes the report of the OECD Workshop on the Final Ring Test of the Daphnia magna Reproduction Test, which was held at Sheffield University on 27-28 March 1995 (Appendix E).
This document contains the report of the OECD Workshop on Sharing Information about New Industrial Chemicals Assessment. Included in this report are the Workshop’s Conclusions and Recommendations, as well as a summary of discussions, case studies, and perspectives on the sharing of information presented at the Workshop. Background material and the results of a survey of existing notification schemes for new industrial chemicals are also included.
This Environment Monograph contains the report of the OECD Workshop on Environmental Hazard/Risk Assessment, which took place in London in May 1994. The Workshop was hosted by the Department of the Environment (DoE) of the United Kingdom.
Work on hazard assessment in the OECD’s Chemicals Programme is closely related to the work on Test Guidelines, co-operative investigation of existing chemicals, and the Pesticide Programme. The objectives of hazard assessment activities are to promote awareness, improvement, and, to the extent possible, harmonization of hazard assessment procedures for chemicals (including pesticides) and to encourage mutual use and acceptance of hazard assessments in OECD and other countries. These activities include the development and compilation of practical methods and procedures; promotion of their application in conjunction with co-operative investigations of chemicals; and promotion of harmonization of assessment reports. In recent years, workshops have been held (and documents produced) on aquatic exposure assessment, initial assessment of occupational and consumer exposure, and data estimation methods.
Interest in sustainable development and awareness of the international dimension of environmental problems, have stimulated governments to track and chart environmental progress and its links with economic conditions and trends. This publication presents leading environmental indicators from the OECD Core Set and thus contributes to measuring environmental performance and progress towards sustainable development. Organised by issues such as climate change, air pollution, biodiversity, waste or water resources, this book provides essential information for all those interested in sustainable development.
This is the first issue of the International Energy Agency’s annual publication of comprehensive information on the use of renewables and waste in the OECD region. The publication, which contains over 160 pages, is divided into three parts. The first part contains an analysis of renewables and wastes energy supply, electricity production and installed electricity generating capacity in OECD countries. The second part covers principles and definitions, and clarifies and classifies renewables and wastes energy statistics which are presented in detail in the publication. It includes general notes, notes on energy sources, country notes, geographical coverage and conversion tables. The third part provides detailed statistical tables for eight regional aggregates and for each of the thirty OECD countries. The detailed statistical tables are preceded by three summary tables and charts which illustrate the magnitude that renewables and waste energy plays in total primary energy supply and electricity generation in each country.
This document contains the report from the OECD/UNEP Workshop on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Persistence and Long-range Transport in the Context of PBTs/POPs Assessment, held on 29-31 October 2001 in Ottawa, Canada, together with background papers, presentation summaries, and reports from the three subgroups.
The system of radiological protection is currently being revised in order to make it simpler, clearer and more responsive to stakeholder needs. During this evolution process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment. It was in this context that the NEA organised, in close collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, a forum on radiological protection of the environment.
This report summarises the key issues discussed at the forum. They include sustainable development, identification of what to protect, the definition of detriment, the necessary level of regulation, an integrated approach to protection, the use of similar approaches for humans and the environment, practical foundations for a system of environmental protection, and consequences in terms of training.
This is the second edition of the International Energy Agency's annual publication of data on the use of renewables and waste. The first part of the publication features an analysis of renewable and waste energy in OECD and non-OECD countries. The second part covers principles and definitions, and includes general notes, notes on energy sources, country notes, geographical coverage, as well as conversion tables. The third part provides detailed statistical tables for eight regional aggregates and for each of the thirty OECD countries.
A comprehensive book of data on the use of renewables and waste. The first part of the publication features an analysis of renewable and waste energy in OECD and non-OECD countries. The second part covers principles and definitions, and includes general notes, notes on energy sources, country notes, geographical coverage, as well as conversion tables. The third part provides detailed statistical tables for eight regional aggregates and for each of the thirty OECD countries.
Desde la creciente incidencia de la contaminación ambiental y la contaminación del suelo hasta las catástrofes naturales, los riesgos producidos por la constante interacción entre las actividades humanas y el medio ambiente son diversos, numerosos y, a menudo, con consecuencias catastróficas. Por lo tanto, la elaboración de planes eficaces de gestión de riesgos, dirigidos a la formulación de estrategias de respuesta viables, requiere la contribución de todos los actores económicos involucrados: grupos privados, instituciones financieras, gobiernos y organizaciones internacionales. Este informe se centra en el papel de las compañías aseguradoras y reaseguradoras en la gestión de riesgos ambientales, en particular, el riesgo de contaminación ambiental y el riesgo de catástrofes naturales. Se discute la asegurabilidad de tales riesgos, se analiza el aumento del riesgo de responsabilidad por contaminación ambiental y las tendencias subyacentes en el desarrollo de regímenes de responsabilidad ambiental en los países de la OCDE. También presenta una visión general de los diversos productos de seguro medioambiental y de las técnicas desarrolladas en respuesta a la evolución legal y fáctica. Además, describe las características especiales de los riesgos por catástrofes naturales, el funcionamiento tradicional del mercado de seguros en la cobertura de tales peligros y opciones alternativas de cobertura, desde los planes gubernamentales contra el riesgo de desastres hasta los nuevos instrumentos financieros de mercado.
Policy coherence is increasingly in the interest of OECD countries and developing countries alike, given their growing economic, social and environmental interdependence. This report presents scenarios showing numerical results of changes to individual policies as well as policy packages implemented simultaneously by OECD and developing countries. The results can be used to anticipate the outcomes of decisions and implement the appropriate set of policies. The scenarios also show how policy combinations could substantially improve both economic and environmental outcomes together, confirming the need for policy coherence.