Agriculture remains the major sector for employment in Turkey, but the sector’s role in the economy is declining. Primary agriculture’s share in employment decreased from 47% in 1990 to 34% in 2004, but the contribution to GDP is smaller declining over the same period from 17% to 11% [1, 2, 3] Figure 3.28.1. The agricultural labour force, about half of which are women who mainly work as unpaid family labour, experience a high incidence of poverty, poor education, and low provision of public services, although this situation is beginning to improve [2, 3]. Agricultural production has grown rapidly since 1990, among the highest rates of growth across OECD countries (Figures 3.28.2 and 3.28.3). Agriculture is becoming more intensive as the expansion in production and use of purchased variable inputs has grown more rapidly since 1990 than the 1% increase in area cultivated from 1990-92 to 2002-04 (Figures 3.28.2 and 3.28.3). The volume of agricultural production rose by 16% between 1990-92 and 2002-04, with crop production increasing by 19% and livestock 11% (mainly poultry, as grazing livestock numbers have fallen) [4]. Over the same period the use of purchased farm inputs also increased for inorganic nitrogen fertilisers by 11%, by 60% for pesticides (1993-2002), 59% for direct on-farm energy consumption, and by 65% for water use, although the use of inorganic phosphate fertilisers declined by –15% (Figures 3.28.2, 3.28.3 and 3.28.4). Arable farming dominates the agricultural sector, accounting for about 75% of output value, with the value share of fruit and vegetables over 40% [3].