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Browse by: "2023"

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  • 15 Dec 2023
  • OECD, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
  • Pages: 24

This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Estonia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Estonia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Estonian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Estonia.

This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.

Estonian
  • 15 Dec 2023
  • OECD, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
  • Pages: 24

This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Hungary, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Hungary; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Hungarian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Hungary.

This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.

Hungarian
  • 15 Dec 2023
  • OECD, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
  • Pages: 24

This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Slovakia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Slovakia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Slovak healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Slovakia.

This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.

Slovak
  • 15 Dec 2023
  • OECD, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
  • Pages: 24

This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Denmark, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Denmark; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Danish healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Denmark.

This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.

Danish
  • 15 Dec 2023
  • OECD, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, CAF Development Bank of Latin America, European Commission
  • Pages: 283

Latin America and the Caribbean needs an ambitious and comprehensive investment agenda to embark on a stronger and more sustainable development trajectory. The 16th edition of the Latin American Economic Outlook proposes ways to make this possible through co-ordinated actions by policy makers, the private sector and international partners. It argues that to close existing investment gaps and overcome the region’s structural challenges, it is essential to scale up domestic and foreign investment. These investments should be a catalyst for better quality jobs and an upgraded production structure, harnessing the potential of LAC’s endowments and of the green and digital transitions. Better governance and information are key to promoting effective and efficient public and private investments. Public institutions are fundamental to aligning investments with national development strategies while building stronger social contracts. The report presents a series of options for financing this new investment agenda, including innovative debt instruments and a renewed role for development finance institutions. The report also highlights the importance of reinvigorated international partnerships across the investment agenda.

Spanish
  • 15 Dec 2023
  • OECD
  • Pages: 59

《经合组织跨国企业负责任商业行为准则》(简称《准则》)是各国政府向跨国企业提出的建议,旨在鼓励企业对经济、环境和社会进步做出积极贡献,并最大限度地减少企业的运营、产品和服务可能对《准则》所涵盖事项所产生的不利影响。《准则》涵盖了商业责任的所有关键领域,包括人权、劳工权利、环境、贿赂、消费者利益、信息披露、科学技术与创新、竞争和税收。2023年版的《准则》贯穿气候变化、生物多样性、技术、商业诚信和供应链尽责管理等多个关键领域,更新了有关负责任商业行为的建议,并更新了负责任商业行为国家联系点的实施程序。

Dutch, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, All

As countries seek to draw lessons the COVID-19 crisis and increase their future resilience, evaluations are important tools to understand what worked or not, why and for whom. This report builds on the OECD work on “government evaluations of COVID-19 responses”. It evaluates Belgium’s responses to the pandemic in terms of risk preparedness, crisis management, as well as public health, education, economic and fiscal, and social and labour market policies. Preserving the country’s resilience in the future will require promoting trust in public institutions and whole-of-government approaches to crisis management, reducing inequalities, and preserving the fiscal balance. The findings and recommendations of this report will provide guidance to public authorities in these efforts.

  • 14 Dec 2023
  • OECD
  • Pages: 236

Le Panorama de la santé fournit un ensemble complet d'indicateurs sur la santé de la population et la performance des systèmes de santé dans les pays membres de l'OCDE et les principales économies émergentes. Ceux-ci portent sur l'état de santé, les facteurs de risque pour la santé, l'accès et la qualité des soins de santé, ainsi que les ressources disponibles pour la santé. L'analyse s'appuie sur les dernières statistiques nationales officielles comparables et d'autres sources.

Outre une analyse par indicateur, un chapitre de synthèse fait le point sur les performances comparatives des pays et les grandes tendances. Cette édition met également un accent particulier sur la santé numérique, qui mesure l’état de préparation au numérique des systèmes de santé des pays de l’OCDE et décrit ce que les pays doivent entreprendre afin d’accélérer la transformation de la santé numérique.

English

Après avoir enregistré des résultats relativement vigoureux pendant et après la pandémie, les perspectives de croissance à court terme sont faibles. L'inflation, élevée, a érodé les salaires réels, et le durcissement de la politique monétaire a entraîné une hausse des coûts d’emprunt et une correction des prix des logements. Les politiques macroéconomiques devraient viser à ce que l’inflation élevée ne perdure pas. Une meilleure adéquation entre l’offre de compétences et la demande de main-d’œuvre, un assouplissement de l’encadrement des loyers et une meilleure intégration des catégories défavorisées sur le marché du travail sont autant de mesures qui pourraient stimuler davantage l’emploi et jeter les bases d'une reprise inclusive. La fiscalité des revenus et le filet de protection sociale pourraient également inciter davantage au travail, dans le contexte du vieillissement de la population et des tensions grandissantes qui vont s’exercer sur les dépenses. La Suède est l’un des pays les plus performants de l’OCDE en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, grâce à un cadre d'action complet et à des mesures publiques relativement efficaces. Toutefois, la décision de réduire les obligations d’incorporation de biocarburants risque de l’empêcher d'atteindre l’objectif de réduction fixé pour 2030, à moins qu’elle ne soit compensée par de nouvelles mesures ambitieuses. L’aboutissement de la révolution industrielle verte naissante nécessitera des investissements considérables dans la production, le stockage et le transport d’électricité, mais la lenteur des procédures de planification et d'autorisation risque de ralentir bien des projets essentiels. Attirer les personnes et les compétences nécessaires pour gérer les activités industrielles et les services publics connexes constitue un défi particulier pour les collectivités du nord du pays, déjà confrontées à des pénuries de main-d'œuvre.

CHAPITRE THÉMATIQUE : SUÈDE : POLITIQUES CLIMATIQUES ET RÉVOLUTION INDUSTRIELLE VERTE

English
  • 14 Dec 2023
  • OECD
  • Pages: 169

This market study provides an assessment of competition in three broad areas of the retail banking sector in Tunisia: current accounts, bank loans for micro, small and medium enterprises and mobile payment services. The report identifies areas where competition is not working as well as it could, reducing customers mobility and access to finance and limiting the competitive pressure that fintech companies can exert on traditional banks. The report provides a range of recommendations to improve market outcomes for financial services users and it includes estimates of the expected impact of the implementation of the recommendations on the economy. This competition market study is part of a broader project aiming at fostering pro-competitive reforms in Tunisia.

French

Une transition réussie vers zéro émission nette de gaz à effet de serre (GES) nécessite des politiques d'atténuation efficaces, incluant des mesures de tarification du carbone : un instrument au bon rapport coût/efficacité qui non seulement réduit les émissions, mais génère également des revenus pour soutenir la transition. Cette quatrième édition des Taux effectifs sur le carbone offre une vue d'ensemble des systèmes de tarification du carbone en présentant les droits d’accise sur les combustibles et les carburants, les taxes sur le carbone et les systèmes d'échange de quotas d'émission (SEQE) jusqu'en 2021, tout en incluant certains développements jusqu'en 2023. Les mesures présentées ont un impact direct sur le coût des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, orientant ainsi les décisions de production, de consommation et d'investissement vers des options à faible teneur en carbone ou à teneur nulle en carbone. L'analyse porte sur 72 pays qui, ensemble, représentent environ 80 % des émissions mondiales de GES. Le rapport met l'accent sur l'évolution des systèmes d'échange de quotas d'émission et des taxes sur les carburants dans le contexte de la crise énergétique et fournit des données complètes et comparables sur l'état actuel de la tarification des émissions de GES, ce qui peut aider les décideurs politiques à identifier des priorités et à affiner leurs stratégies d'atténuation des émissions de carbone.

English

Cette étude de marché fournit une évaluation de la concurrence dans trois grands domaines du secteur de la banque de détail en Tunisie : les comptes courants, les prêts bancaires pour les micro, petites et moyennes entreprises et les services de paiement mobile. Le rapport identifie les domaines où la concurrence ne fonctionne pas aussi bien qu'elle le pourrait, réduisant la mobilité des clients et l'accès au financement et limitant la pression concurrentielle que les entreprises fintech peuvent exercer sur les banques traditionnelles. Le rapport fournit une série de recommandations visant à améliorer les résultats du marché pour les utilisateurs de services financiers et comprend des estimations de l'impact attendu de la mise en œuvre des recommandations sur l'économie. Cette étude de marché sur la concurrence fait partie d'un projet plus large visant à favoriser les réformes pro-concurrentielles en Tunisie.

English

This new web format for Country Notes on Fossil Fuel Support provides interactive on-line access to the latest data from the OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels by country – identifying and estimating the value of support arising from policies that encourage the production or consumption of fossil fuels. The web version allows users to download, share and play with the data. Interactive graphics enable data visualisation, in national currency, by beneficiary and by energy product. These Country Notes provide, for each of the 50 economies covered in the Inventory, a snapshot of energy market structure, the current state of energy prices and taxes, and recent developments and trends in fossil fuel support. Data and country notes for the EU Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries have been collected and prepared as part of the GREEN Action Task Force.

  • 14 Dec 2023
  • OECD, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
  • Pages: 24

Ce profil fournit un aperçu concis de l'état de santé et du système de santé en France, dans le cadre de la série des profils de santé par pays de l'initiative sur l'état de santé dans l'UE. Il présente une analyse succincte de l'état de santé de la population en France ; les déterminants de la santé, en mettant l'accent sur les facteurs de risque comportementaux ; l'organisation du système de santé français ; et une évaluation de l'efficacité, l'accessibilité et la résilience du système de santé. L'édition 2023 présente aussi une section thématique sur la santé mentale en France.

Ce profil est le fruit d'une collaboration entre l'OCDE et l'Observatoire européen des systèmes et des politiques de santé, en coopération avec la Commission Européenne.

English

The Digital Education Outlook 2023 provides a comparative, thematic analysis of how countries shape or could shape their digital ecosystem. Student information systems (or Education Management Information System - EMIS), learning management systems, digital assessment platforms, study and careers guidance: what are the different components of countries’ digital education ecosystem? How and to what extent do countries leverage teachers' digital competences and the latest opportunities offered by artificial intelligence (AI)? How can countries make the most of their digital ecosystem so that it is trustworthy, useful, effective, and equitable? How do and can countries allow for digital education to continue to improve and innovate education? Based on numerous country examples coming from an OECD survey on countries’ digital education infrastructure and governance and from desk research, the report shows where countries stand and where they could be going from there to benefit from the digital transformation. It also points to opportunities, guidelines and guardrails about the effective and equitable use of AI in education.

The report covers most OECD countries and a few partner countries. It will be of interest to policy makers, academics and all education stakeholders interested in the digital transformation of education systems. Country Digital Education Ecosystems and Governance: A Companion to Digital Education Outlook 2023 supplements this publication by providing detailed and comprehensive information for each country.

This report, linked with the Digital Education Outlook 2023, provides an overview of 29 countries’ (or jurisdictions') digital education ecosystem and governance. Each chapter covers the devolution of responsibilities within countries; how it affects digital education; what digital tools for management and teaching and learning are made publicly available to schools, teachers and students; how they are provided or procured; how countries ensure the security, privacy, equity and effectiveness of this digital ecosystem while keeping incentives for private education technology (EdTech) companies. The information and analysis are based on a survey on digital education infrastructure and governance, interviews with national and regional government officials as well as desk-based research.

Providing for the first time a holistic view of 29 countries’ and jurisdictions' digital education ecosystem and governance, this report will be of interest to policy makers, academics and education stakeholders interested in the digital transformation of education at home and internationally.

Cette version abrégée est la traduction partielle de la version anglaise du Panorama des pensions de l’OCDE. Elle contient le résumé de la publication ainsi que l’introduction et les principaux résultats des chapitres 1 et 2. L’édition 2023 du Panorama des pensions met en lumière les réformes des retraites engagées par les pays de l’OCDE au cours des deux dernières années. Elle comprend un chapitre spécial sur les dispositions de retraite applicables aux emplois dangereux ou pénibles. Elle décrit les règles existantes, documente les tendances récentes des politiques dans ce domaine et évalue la conception et le fonctionnement des règles de retraite anticipée pour les emplois dangereux ou pénibles compte tenu de l’évolution des conditions de travail et des pressions liées au vieillissement démographique sur les systèmes de retraite.

Cette édition met également à jour les informations sur les principales caractéristiques des systèmes de retraite dans les pays de l’OCDE et du G20 et fournit des projections sur les revenus de retraite des travailleurs d’aujourd’hui. Elle propose des indicateurs concernant l’architecture des systèmes de retraite, les droits à la retraite, le contexte démographique et économique dans lequel s’inscrivent les systèmes de retraite, les revenus et la pauvreté chez les personnes âgées, le financement des systèmes de retraite et les pensions privées.

English
  • 13 Dec 2023
  • OECD
  • Pages: 236

The 2023 edition of Pensions at a Glance highlights the pension reforms undertaken by OECD countries over the last two years. It includes a special chapter focusing on pension provisions for hazardous or arduous work. It describes existing rules, characterises recent policy trends and assesses the design and functioning of early-retirement rules for hazardous or arduous jobs given changing working conditions and ageing pressure on pension systems.

This edition also updates information on the key features of pension provision in OECD and G20 countries and provides projections of retirement income for today’s workers. It offers indicators covering the design of pension systems, pension entitlements, the demographic and economic context in which pension systems operate, incomes and poverty of older people, the finances of retirement income systems and private pensions.

French
  • 13 Dec 2023
  • OECD, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  • Pages: 452

The SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2024 – Building resilience in challenging times is a unique benchmarking tool to assess and monitor progress in the design and implementation of SME policies against EU and international best practice. It embraces the priorities laid out in the European Union’s SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe and is structured around the ten principles of the Small Business Act for Europe, which provide a wide range of measures to guide the design and implementation of SME policies. This report marks the fourth edition in this series, following assessments in 2012, 2016, and 2020. It tracks progress made since 2020 and offers the latest key findings on SME development and related policies in the countries of the Eastern Partnership (EaP). It also identifies emerging challenges affecting SMEs in the region and provides recommendations to address them. The 2024 edition benefits from an updated methodology that also offers a deeper analysis of policies to support the digital transformation of SMEs.

Under the BEPS Action 5 minimum standard, members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) have committed to counter harmful tax practices with a focus on improving transparency. One part of the Action 5 minimum standard is the transparency framework for compulsory spontaneous exchange of information on certain tax rulings. The exchange on tax rulings is a critical tool in improving access of tax administrations to information relevant to assess the corporate tax affairs of their taxpayers and to efficiently tackle tax avoidance and other BEPS risks. Over 140 countries and jurisdictions participate in the Inclusive Framework on BEPS and take part in the peer review process to assess their compliance with the transparency framework. Specific terms of reference and a methodology have been agreed for the peer reviews, focusing the assessment on five key elements: information gathering process, exchange of information, confidentiality of the information received, statistics on the exchanges on rulings, and transparency on certain aspects of intellectual property regimes. This report reflects the outcome of the seventh annual peer review of the implementation of the Action 5 minimum standard.

French
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