New Zealand
Technological change is increasing the productivity of highly skilled workers but creating more challenging labour-market conditions for their low-skilled counterparts. These pressures are likely to grow, especially in light of progress being made in Artificial Intelligence. The NZ labour force is upskilling to meet these challenges, but more progress will be needed to keep ahead of the race with technology. Young New Zealanders will need to continue their education to higher levels than in the past and acquire skills that are more highly valued in the labour market. To maintain valuable skills, workers of all ages will need to engage more in lifelong learning. Some will need to retrain when their occupation becomes obsolete. Getting the most out of skills will also depend on allocating skills to their most productive uses. Reducing New Zealand’s high rates of qualification and skills mismatches would boost both wages and productivity. With the possibility of more workers being displaced than in the past, greater efforts may need to be considered to help them get back into jobs.
This Working Paper relates to the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of New Zealand (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-new-zealand.htm).
This reliable source of yearly data covers a wide range of statistics on international trade of OECD countries and provides detailed data in value by commodity and by partner country. Each of the first five volumes of International Trade by Commodity Statistics contains the tables for six countries, published in the order in which they become available. The sixth volume also includes the groupings OECD Total and EU28-Extra.
For each country, this publication shows detailed tables relating to the Harmonised System HS 2012 classification, Sections and Divisions (one- and two-digit). Each table presents imports and exports of a given commodity with more than seventy partner countries or country groupings for the most recent five-year period available.
Cette base de données annuelles couvre un large éventail de statistiques sur le commerce international des pays de l’OCDE. Elle constitue une source fiable de données en valeur par produit et par pays partenaire. Chacun des cinq premiers volumes des Statistiques du commerce international par produit présente les statistiques relatives à six pays, celles-ci étant publiées dès réception des données. Le sixième volume porte sur les pays restants et sur les deux groupements ; Total-OCDE et UE28-Extra.
Pour chaque pays sont présentés des tableaux se référant aux sections et divisions de la classification Système Harmonisé SH 2012 (une et deux positions). Chaque tableau permet de visualiser à la fois les importations et les exportations des cinq années les plus récentes par produit pour plus de soixante-dix pays partenaires ou groupes de pays partenaires.
Cette publication est la version abrégée du troisième Examen environnemental de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur la gestion des ressources en eau et le développement urbain durable. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
New Zealand is enjoying strong economic growth, driven by booming tourism, high net immigration, solid construction activity and supportive monetary policy. The fiscal position is sound, with low public debt and a balanced budget. The major economic vulnerability emanates from high levels of household debt associated with rapid increases in house prices, which have reached high levels relative to fundamentals. Barriers to expanding housing supply are being reduced, and macro-prudential measures have been taken to contain financial stability risks, but further measures may be needed. While the short-term economic outlook is strong, there are longer-term challenges from low productivity growth, a changing labour market and some growing environmental pressures. Addressing these challenges would secure sustainable improvements in well-being for all New Zealanders.
SPECIAL FEATURES: IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY; THE CHANGING LABOUR MARKET
Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over their lifetime. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less and have fewer benefits than in their prior jobs. Helping them get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is part of a series of reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that in New Zealand most displaced workers find a new job again, largely due to a strong economy and a highly flexible labour market. But many of them face large losses in terms of job quality and especially wages. And displaced workers facing difficulties in New Zealand are largely left on their own to find a new job, as the means-tested public benefit system only provides for people in need and employment services concentrate on helping people off benefit with limited focus on those not receiving a benefit.
Nine countries are participating in the review: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Japan,
Korea, New Zealand, Sweden and the United States.
Contents
Chapter 1. Job displacement in New Zealand and its consequences
Chapter 2 Easing the impact of economic restructuring on displaced workers in New Zealand
Chapter 3 Re-employment support for displaced workers in New Zealand who struggle to find a new job
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews provide independent assessments of countries’ progress towards their environmental policy objectives. Reviews promote peer learning, enhance government accountability, and provide targeted recommendations aimed at improving environmental performance, individually and collectively. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and evidence-based analysis. Each cycle of Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies. The most recent reviews include Chile and France (2016).
This report is the third Environmental Performance Review of New Zealand. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on water resources management and sustainable urban development.
Since the last IEA in-depth review in 2010, New Zealand has further developed its energy policy, as reflected in its energy strategy to 2021 and new rules for more competitive electricity markets.
With its unique resource base, New Zealand is a success story for the development of renewable energy, notably hydro and geothermal, without government subsidies. Geographically isolated, New Zealand has developed robust policies for security of supply. Outside of its largely low-carbon power sector, managing the economy’s energy intensity and greenhouse gas emissions while still remaining competitive and growing remains a challenge.
The IEA review highlights the areas that are critical to the success of the energy policy agenda in New Zealand.
To support sustainable growth in line with the Paris Agreement, the government should facilitate technology opportunities for renewable energy and energy efficiency, in buildings, industrial heat, transport and agriculture.
The government has ambitious plans to boost the share of electric vehicles and renewable energy. The country has a flexible power system, but future growth requires fine-tuning of market rules in favour of even more flexibility, demand response, smart and effective electricity retail and distribution.
While security of supply is well ensured by effective markets, an energy-constraint system can benefit from market-based risk managements tools, including a safety net for dry years as well as access to global LNG markets.
This review analyses the energy policy challenges facing New Zealand and provides recommendations to help guide the country towards a more secure, sustainable and affordable energy future.
This dataset contains data on metropolitan regions with demographic, labour, innovation and economic statistics by population, regional surface, population density, labour force, employment, unemployment, GDP, GDP per capita, PCT patent applications, and elderly dependency ratio.
The Pensions at a Glance database includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and mandatory and voluntary pensions. It covers 34 OECD countries and aims to cover all G20 countries. Pensions at a Glance reviews and analyses the pension measures enacted or legislated in OECD countries. It provides an in-depth review of the first layer of protection of the elderly, first-tier pensions across countries and provideds a comprehensive selection of pension policy indicators for all OECD and G20 countries.
This dataset contains data on regional innovation: R&D expenditures by sector, R&D personnel by sector, educational attainment of the labour force, enrollment by level of education, employment in high-technology sectors, patent applications, percentage of households with access to broadband with a geographic coverage of TL2. The data is compared in terms of million of current USD PPP or in terms of percentage of the population.
This dataset contains data on labour force by sex, employment at place of residence, employment by industry, unemployment, unemployment rate, long-term unemployment, youth employment, participation rate, business statistics, long-term unemployment incidence. Data are expressed in terms of percentages and persons.
This dataset contains data falling within 2 different categories which consists of social and health indicators and environmental indicators. The table is comparing countries on age-adjusted mortality rate, number of physicians, crimes against the property, murders per 100 000, volume of municipal waste, CO2 emissions per capita, average carbon absorption.
This dataset contains regional data on population by age and sex, average population, regional surface, mobility and population density with a geographic coverage of TL3 which corresponds to the Territorial Level 3. The dataset is broken down into 3 set of variables which are population and area, population by age groups and lower level (Territorial Level 3) consisting of about 1709 micro-regions. The dataset is broken down into 3 set of variables which are population and area, population by age groups and mobility.
This dataset contains data on regional GDP, regional GDP per capita and regional gross value added by sector. Data are expressed in millions of national currency in current and constant prices and in millions of US$ in current and constant PPP. For the Euro area countries, the data in national currency for all years are calculated using the fixed conversion rates against the euro.
This dataset contains data on labour force by sex, employment at place of residence, employment by industry, unemployment, unemployment rate, long-term unemployment, youth employment, participation rate, business statistics, long-term unemployment incidence and female participation rate. Data are expressed in terms of percentages and persons and has a geographical coverage of TL3.
This dataset contains data - in level and in percent - on PCT patent applications, co-patent applications, in green technologies, ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, within the region, country, or with foreign regions ; and percent domestic ownership of foreign patents and foreign ownership of domestic patents with a geographic coverage of TL3 which corresponds to the Territorial Level 3 consisting of 1709 micro-regions.
This dataset contains data on regional GDP, regional GDP per capita and regional gross value added by sector with a geographical coverage of TL3. Data are expressed in millions of national currency in current and constant prices and in millions of US$ in current and constant PPP. For the Euro area countries, the data in national currency for all years are calculated using the fixed conversion rates against the euro.
This dataset comprises statistics on different transactions and balances to get from the GDP to the net lending/borrowing. It includes national disposable income (gross and net), consumption of fixed capital as well as net savings. It also includes transaction components such as net current transfers and net capital transfers. Data are expressed in millions of national currency as well as US dollars and available in both current and constant prices. Data are provided from 1950 onwards.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard measure of the value of final goods and services produced by a country during a period minus the value of imports. This subset of Aggregate National Accounts comprises comprehensive statistics on gross domestic product (GDP) by presenting the three different approaches of its measure of GDP: output based GDP, expenditure based GDP and income based GDP. These three different measures of gross domestic product (GDP) are further detailed by transactions whereby: the output approach includes gross value added at basic prices, taxes less subsidies, statistical discrepancy; the expenditure approach includes domestic demand, gross capital formation, external balance of goods and services; and the income approach includes variables such as compensation of employees, gross operating surplus, taxes and production and imports. Gross domestic product (GDP) data are measured in national currency and are available in current prices, constant prices and per capita starting from 1950 onwards.