Chile
Le Chili est l’un des pays de l’OCDE qui soutient le moins son agriculture. De fait, l’estimation du soutien aux producteurs s’élevait à 2.7 % des recettes agricoles brutes en 2020-22, contre 7.3 % en 2000-02. Depuis que le pays a réduit sa protection aux frontières dans les années 1990, la politique agricole n’engendre que de très faibles distorsions des marchés agricoles, le soutien des prix du marché (SPM) étant quasi nul. Les prix à la production intérieure sont presque complètement alignés sur les prix mondiaux. Le coefficient nominal de protection, qui traduit le rapport entre les prix moyens à la production et les prix à la frontière, était donc égal à 1 en 2020-22. Les transferts au titre d’un seul produit sont donc faibles et se limitent au sucre et à la viande bovine, dont ils représentent 3.4 % et 1.8 % des recettes agricoles brutes respectives.
Chile’s support to farmers is among the lowest of OECD countries with a Producer Support Estimate (PSE) of 2.7% of gross farm incomes in 2020-22, down from 7.3% in 2000-02. Since Chile reduced its tariff-based border protection in the 1990s, agricultural policies create very limited distortions to agricultural markets, with almost no Market Price Support (MPS) to the sector. Domestic producer prices fully align with world prices, as the ratio of average producer to border prices (National Nominal Coefficient, NPC) equalled 1 in 2020-22. Single Commodity Transfers (SCT) are small and limited to sugar and beef, for which they amount to 3.4% and 1.8% of respective gross farm receipts.
Antofagasta is a world leader in copper and lithium production, with strategic importance for the global energy transition and for the economic development of Chile. Located in north Chile, Antofagasta is carved by the natural contours of the Atacama Desert and home to diverse Indigenous communities. Despite the wealth brought by mining, communities in Antofagasta lag on a number of well-being dimensions. At the same time, Antofagasta’s mining industry is entering a new phase of development, driven by the expected surge in global demand for its minerals and the imperative to adapt to the green and digital transitions.
Against this backdrop, a new development vision with a long-term strategy is warranted in the region to leverage mining benefits to improve well-being standards and take advantage of the opportunities brought by the digital and green transition in mining. This study presents the diagnosis, rationale and building blocks for a new mining strategy in the region of Antofagasta, Chile that prioritises well-being standards and opportunities for local communities. This medium and long-term strategy aims to create a new pact amongst different societal stakeholders to build trust and unite efforts for more inclusive and sustainable growth in the region.
This study presents the diagnosis, rationale, building blocks and recommendations for the forthcoming Mining Strategy of Well-being for the Region of Antofagasta 2023-2050 (hereafter the Mining Strategy). The OECD, together with the Catholic University of the North, Chile, supported the regional government of Antofagasta in the preparation of this medium- and long-term strategy that aims at promoting sustainability and prioritising the well-being standards of citizens living in Antofagasta.
This report provides the building blocks for a new mining strategy in the region of Antofagasta, Chile, which prioritises well-being standards and opportunities for local communities. This medium- and long-term strategy aims to create a new pact amongst different societal stakeholders to build trust and unite efforts for more inclusive and sustainable growth in the region.
Home to an abundant reserve of minerals that are vital for a low-carbon future, including copper and lithium, the Antofagasta region is in a unique position to become a global leader in responsibly sourced minerals. Antofagasta has world-class geological resources and large global mining companies, including some of the world’s major copper mines, top lithium reserves and important production of molybdenum and boron. The diverse set of assets supporting Antofagasta’s mining sector potential include:
Cette étude présente le diagnostic, la justification, les éléments constitutifs et les recommandations de la future Stratégie minière de bien-être pour la région d'Antofagasta 2023-2050 (ci-après la Stratégie minière). L'OCDE, en collaboration avec l'Université Catholique du Nord, au Chili, a soutenu le gouvernement régional d'Antofagasta dans la préparation de cette stratégie à moyen et long terme qui vise à promouvoir la durabilité et à donner la priorité au bien-être des citoyens vivant à Antofagasta.
The Antofagasta region, located in northern Chile, is a global player in the mining industry and Chile’s main producer of copper and lithium. This chapter benchmarks Antofagasta’s trends with comparable OECD regions also specialised in mining and extractive activities. The benchmark allows the identification of the region’s main strengths and weaknesses. The results of the analysis provide the overall diagnosis and development priorities for the mining strategy of the region of Antofagasta.
This chapter presents the rationale and building blocks for the Mining Strategy of Well-being for the Region of Antofagasta 2023-2050, which aims to address mining-specific challenges and opportunities in the region and support higher well-being standards for all people living in the Antofagasta region. The chapter first outlines the relevance of developing a regional mining strategy, especially with the ongoing decentralisation process in Chile. Second, it summarises the process of developing this strategy, its objectives and the timeframe of strategic projects. Finally, it provides guidance on a governance mechanism for the long-term continuity and monitoring of the strategy and describes the allocation of roles for regional stakeholders and funding sources.
This chapter identifies strategies to mobilise the strengths of the mining business ecosystem of Antofagasta, to accelerate its green transition and promote regional economic diversification. These strategies intend to identify areas of opportunities to be unlocked within the new mining strategy of the region. The chapter begins with an overview of the region’s strengths and challenges in the ecosystem. It then outlines areas of opportunity to accelerate the environmental transition in mining. Finally, it examines possible strategies to support economic diversification inside and outside mining activities.