Brazil
OECD’s periodic surveys of the Brazilian economy. Each edition surveys the major challenges faced by the country, evaluates the short-term outlook, and makes specific policy recommendations. Special chapters take a more detailed look at specific challenges. Extensive statistical information is included in charts and graphs.
Études économiques consacrées périodiquement par l'OCDE à l’économie du Brésil. Chaque étude analyse les grands enjeux auxquels Brésil fait face. Elle examine les perspectives à court terme et présente des recommandations détaillées à l’intention des décideurs politiques en Brésil. Des chapitres thématiques analysent des enjeux spécifiques. Les tableaux et graphiques contiennent un large éventail de données statistiques sur Brésil.
The state of Paraná in Brazil has turned to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a guiding framework for its territorial development policy since 2016. Building on the recommendations from the OECD report on “A Territorial Approach to the SDGs in Paraná, Brazil” (2021), the state has continued to leverage the SDGs as a vehicle to address territorial disparities and challenges in a number of policy domains, including agriculture, health, education, economic growth, environmental conservation and public safety. This report assesses the state’s progress on the 2021 OECD recommendations and offers renewed guidance on how to harness the SDGs to tackle the state’s main challenges, including designing a state-wide Sustainable Development Plan and integrating the SDGs in its new 2053 Strategic Vision.
Presumptive tax regimes (also known as simplified tax regimes) intend to reduce tax compliance costs for micro and small businesses (and enforcement costs for the tax administration) while levying a lower tax burden as compared to the standard tax system.
This working paper compiles detailed information on the presumptive tax regimes existing in a selection of OECD and non-OECD countries, identifies common practices adopted across the countries examined and provides multiple examples of best practices observed in these regimes. These examples can serve as guidance to policy makers and tax administrations to strengthen particular features of the presumptive tax regimes implemented in their jurisdictions. Lastly, the paper highlights the main challenges generally observed in the presumptive tax regimes under study, which might undermine the role of these regimes in incentivising business formalisation and strengthening tax compliance over time.
Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) form an essential part of the Brazilian economy, accounting for 93.7% of all legally constituted companies (20.3 million) according to the Enterprise Map as of December 2023.
La pobreza en Brasil disminuyó del 20.9% en 2016 al 19.5% en 2022, manteniéndose por debajo del promedio, 24.1%, registrado en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). La pobreza extrema, se situó en el 5.3% en 2022, por debajo del promedio de ALC (8.3%). El coeficiente de Gini disminuyó de 53.3 en 2016 a 52.9 en 2021, manteniéndose por encima del promedio registrado en los países de ALC (44.8). Por lo que se refiere a los indicadores de inversión y transformación productiva, la inversión total en Brasil aumentó del 15.5% del PIB en 2016 al 18.8% en 2022, siguiendo la tendencia del promedio de ALC, que aumentó del 20.8% al 21.3% en el mismo período. La inversión privada representó el 14.2% del PIB, una cifra ligeramente inferior al promedio de ALC (15.8% en 2019). La productividad laboral de Brasil, medida con respecto a la producción de Estados Unidos por persona empleada, fue del 24.7% en 2023, por debajo del promedio de ALC del 27.1%. La proporción de exportaciones de productos de alta tecnología en los bienes manufacturados exportados totales descendió del 16.0% en 2016 al 9.0% en 2021, aunque se mantuvo por encima del promedio de ALC (7.2%). Las percepciones positivas de la inversión extranjera directa (IED), que descendieron en toda la región de ALC, también lo hicieron ligeramente en Brasil, del 63.4% en 2016 al 60.0% en 2020. Los ingresos tributarios del país aumentaron del 31.6% del PIB en 2016 al 33.5% en 2021, en oposición a las tendencias regionales. Los ingresos tributarios ambientales se mantuvieron prácticamente igual, en el 0.7% en 2021.
Selon les projections, la croissance du PIB réel devrait s’établir à 3.0 % en 2023, à 1.8 % en 2024 et à 2.0 % en 2025. L’activité économique a opéré un net rebond au premier semestre de 2023, sous l’impulsion de récoltes agricoles exceptionnelles et de la vigueur de la consommation des ménages. Malgré des conditions financières restrictives, les dépenses des ménages resteront élevées en raison de la croissance soutenue de l’emploi, du recul de l’inflation et de l’augmentation des transferts sociaux. L’investissement privé se redressera légèrement jusqu’à fin 2024, dans le contexte de l’assouplissement de la politique monétaire. En dépit de la baisse des prix des matières premières, les produits agricoles seront à l’origine d’une progression durable des exportations. L’inflation a reculé fortement en 2023 et tendra vers la fourchette retenue comme objectif en 2024.
Estima-se que o PIB real cresça 3,0% em 2023, 1,8% em 2024 e 2,0% em 2025.. A atividade econômica apresentou uma forte recuperação no primeiro semestre de 2023, impulsionada pela safra agrícola notável e por um consumo doméstico resiliente. Apesar das condições financeiras restritivas, as despesas domésticas permanecerão fortes devido ao crescimento dinâmico do emprego, à queda da inflação e ao aumento das transferências sociais. O investimento privado apresentará uma recuperação leve ao longo de 2024 conforme a política monetária seja mais flexibilizada. Embora haja uma diminuição nos preços das commodities, os produtos agrícolas impulsionarão uma expansão contínua das exportações. A inflação caiu de forma acentuada ao longo de 2023 e se espera que permaneça na banda da meta de inflação durante o ano de 2024.
Real GDP is projected to grow by 3.0% in 2023, 1.8% in 2024 and 2.0% in 2025. Economic activity rebounded strongly in the first half of 2023 driven by an exceptional agriculture harvest and resilient household consumption. Despite tight financial conditions, household spending will remain strong due to buoyant employment growth, declining inflation, and higher social transfers. Private investment will recover slightly throughout 2024 as monetary policy eases. Though commodity prices are declining, agricultural products will drive a continued expansion of exports. Inflation has declined markedly over 2023 and will converge toward the target band during 2024.
Se prevé que el PIB real crezca un 3,0% en 2023, un 1,8% en 2024 y un 2,0% en 2025. La actividad económica se recuperó con fuerza en el primer semestre de 2023, impulsada por una cosecha agrícola excepcional y la resiliencia del consumo de los hogares. A pesar de las restrictivas condiciones financieras, el gasto de los hogares seguirá siendo fuerte debido al sólido crecimiento del empleo, el descenso de la inflación y el aumento de las transferencias sociales. La inversión privada se recuperará ligeramente a lo largo de 2024 a medida que se suavice la política monetaria. Aunque los precios de las materias primas están descendiendo, los productos agrícolas impulsarán la expansión continuada de las exportaciones. La inflación ha disminuido con fuerza durante 2023 y convergerá hacia la banda objetivo en 2024.
Secondo le previsioni, il PIL reale dovrebbe registrare una crescita del 3,0 % nel 2023, dell'1,8 % nel 2024 e del 2,0 % nel 2025. L'attività economica ha registrato una forte ripresa nella prima metà del 2023, trainata dall'eccezionale raccolto agricolo e dalla tenuta dei consumi delle famiglie. Nonostante le rigide condizioni finanziarie, la spesa delle famiglie rimarrà sostenuta grazie alla forte crescita dell'occupazione, al calo dell'inflazione e all'aumento dei trasferimenti sociali. Gli investimenti privati riprenderanno leggermente durante tutto il 2024, di pari passo con l'allentamento della politica monetaria. Nonostante i prezzi delle materie prime siano in continuo calo, saranno i prodotti agricoli a stimolare la costante espansione delle esportazioni. L'inflazione è diminuita notevolmente nel corso del 2023 e convergerà verso la fascia-obiettivo nel 2024.