Liberia

Liberia has three tax agreements in force, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire, including the multilateral Supplementary Act A/SA, 5/12/18 adopting community rules for the elimination of double taxation with respect to taxes on income, capital and inheritance and the prevention of tax evasion and avoidance within the ECOWAS Member States (the ECOWAS Supplementary Act) concluded with fourteen treaty partners. Two of those agreements, including the ECOWAS Supplementary Act, comply with the minimum standard. Liberia has not signed the MLI.

Le Kazakhstan compte 55 conventions fiscales en vigueur, ainsi que l’indique sa réponse au questionnaire d’examen par les pairs. Trente de ces conventions sont conformes au standard minimum.

Liberia can legally issue the following type of ruling within the scope of the transparency framework: cross-border unilateral APAs and any other cross-border unilateral tax rulings (such as an advance tax ruling) covering transfer pricing or the application of transfer pricing principles.

Liberia has not yet introduced a requirement for the filing of CbC reports, as required under the BEPS Action 13 (CbC reporting) minimum standard.

Le Liberia compte deux conventions fiscales en vigueur, comme l’indique sa réponse au questionnaire d’examen par les pairs, dont l’Acte additionnel multilatéral A/SA 5/12/18 portant adoption des règles communautaires pour l’élimination de la double imposition en matière d’impôts sur les revenus, les capitaux et les successions et la prévention de la fraude et de l’évasion fiscales entre les États membres de la CEDEAO (l’Acte additionnel de la CEDEAO) conclu avec 14 partenaires. L’une de ces conventions, l’Acte additionnel de la CEDEAO, est conforme au standard minimum. L’une de ces conventions, l’Acte additionnel de la CEDEAO, est conforme au standard minimum.

Liberia has two tax agreements in force, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire, including the multilateral Supplementary Act A/SA, 5/12/18 adopting community rules for the elimination of double taxation with respect to taxes on income, capital and inheritance and the prevention of tax evasion and avoidance within the ECOWAS Member States (the ECOWAS Supplementary Act) concluded with fourteen treaty partners. One of those agreements, the ECOWAS Supplementary Act, complies with the minimum standard. One of those agreements, the ECOWAS Supplementary Act, complies with the minimum standard.

Liberia can legally issue the following type of rulings within the scope of the transparency framework: cross-border unilateral APAs and any other cross-border unilateral tax rulings (such as an advance tax ruling) covering transfer pricing or the application of transfer pricing principles.

Liberia has not yet introduced a requirement for the filing of CbC reports, as required under the BEPS Action 13 (CbC reporting) minimum standard.

Le Libéria compte une convention fiscale en vigueur avec l’Allemagne, comme l’indique sa réponse au questionnaire d’examen par les pairs. Cette convention n’est pas conforme au standard minimum.

Liberia has one tax agreement in force, the agreement with Germany, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire. This agreement does not comply with the minimum standard.

Liberia does not yet have legislation in place to implement the BEPS Action 13 minimum standard.

Using household data from 15 countries in Latin America and Africa, this paper explores linkages between informality and education-occupation matching. The paper applies a unified methodology to measuring education-occupation mismatches and informality, consistently with the international labour and statistical standards in this area. The results suggest that in the majority of low- and middle-income developing countries with available data, workers in informal jobs have higher odds of being undereducated as compared to workers in formal jobs. Workers in formal jobs, in contrast, have higher chances of being overeducated. These results are consistent for dependent as well as for independent workers. They also hold for men and for women according to the gender-disaggregated analysis. Moreover, in the majority of countries considered in this paper, the matching-informality nexus is also related to the extent of informality in a given area: in labour markets with higher informality, informal workers in particular have a higher chance of being undereducated. The paper discusses policy implications of these findings.

L'emploi informel, défini par l'absence de protection sociale basée sur l'emploi, constitue la majeure partie de l'emploi dans les pays en développement, et entraîne un niveau de vulnérabilité à la pauvreté et à d'autres risques qui sont supportés par tous ceux qui dépendent des revenus du travail informel. Les résultats de la base de données des Indicateurs clés de l’informalité en fonction des individus et leurs ménages (KIIbIH) montrent qu'un nombre disproportionné de travailleurs de l'économie informelle de la classe moyenne reçoivent des transferts de fonds. Ces résultats confirment que les stratégies de gestion des risques, telles que la migration, jouent un rôle dans la minimisation des risques potentiels du travail informel pour les ménages informels de la classe moyenne qui peuvent ne pas être éligibles à l'aide sociale. Ils suggèrent en outre que les travailleurs informels de classe moyenne peuvent avoir une demande solvable d'assurance sociale, de sorte que, si des régimes d'assurance sociale adaptés aux besoins des travailleurs informels leur étaient accessibles, les transferts de fonds pourraient potentiellement être canalisés pour financer l'extension de l'assurance sociale à l'économie informelle.

Informal employment, defined through the lack of employment-based social protection, constitutes the bulk of employment in developing countries, and entails a level of vulnerability to poverty and other risks that are borne by all who are dependent on informal work income. Results from the Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Households database (KIIbIH) show that a disproportionately large number of middle‑class informal economy workers receive remittances. Such results confirm that risk management strategies, such as migration, play a part in minimising the potential risks of informal work for middle‑class informal households who may not be eligible to social assistance. They further suggest that middle‑class informal workers may have a solvent demand for social insurance so that, if informality-robust social insurance schemes were made available to them, remittances could potentially be channelled to finance the extension of social insurance to the informal economy.

Liberia has one tax agreement in force with Germany, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire.

Le Libéria compte une convention fiscale en vigueur avec l’Allemagne, comme l’indique sa réponse au questionnaire d’examen par les pairs.

Liberia was first reviewed during the 2018/2019 peer review. This report is supplementary to that previous report (OECD, 2018[2]).

This report contains the 2020 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Liberia.

Liberia has one tax agreement in force with Germany, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire.