Moldova, Republic of
The spreadsheet-based Optimising Public Transport Investment Costs (OPTIC) Model is a simple, easy-to-use decision support tool prepared by the OECD to support the Government of Kyrgyzstan in preparing and estimating the costs and environmental benefits of the Clean Public Transport (CPT) Programme. It was used in particular for costing the replacement of the old bus fleet in urban centres with modern buses equipped with engines that run on:
This chapter describes the economic regulatory system (ERS) for water supply and sanitation (WSS) in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter “Moldova”). This includes its legal and institutional frameworks, main actors and their competences, activity and capacity. It analyses the performance of the ERS, contrasting it with the demands on the system formulated in Chapter 1. The chapter concludes with three scenarios that can help policy makers further develop Moldova’s ERS varying from addressing the shortcomings of the ER present system to taking step back to rethink the objectives of WSS policy, regulation and the roles of various stakeholders and eventually redesign the whole ERS. These scenarios were discussed at an Expert Meeting and at the National Policy Dialogue meeting held in November 2016 in Chisinau as part of the project.
The roadmap spans over ten years and acknowledges key challenges, such as raising the interest of local councils (LCs) and building on utilities with limited capacity. In Moldova, the implementation of regionalisation would be initiated, promoted and managed by the government, whereas decision makers are hundreds of local and municipal councils. The regionalisation process would therefore likely be long and strenuous, as is the case in most foreign regionalisation experiences. The proposed roadmap includes four main phases spanning over at least ten years:
This chapter presents the context within which the economic regulatory system (ERS) for water supply and sanitation (WSS) in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter “Moldova”) has to operate. It confronts ambitious sector policy objectives driven by the Association Agreement with the European Union (the EU water acquis), the Paris Agreement on Climate and WSS-related Sustainable Development Goals, and set out in the National Development Strategy (Moldova 2020) and the WSS strategy for 2014-28. It compares performance of the Moldova’s WSS sector with its Danube Region peers highlighting several challenges such as non-revenue water, customer satisfaction and operating cost coverage. Finally, it formulates nine demands on the economic regulatory system (ERS).
The economic regulatory system (ERS) for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter “Moldova”) is going through a period of change. The policy framework calls for drastic development in WSS, based on both domestic and international commitments. Foremost among these are the Association Agreement with the European Union, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement on Climate and the national WSS strategy.
This chapter provides a set of recommendations on establishing a sound economic regulatory systemfor water supply and sanitation in the Republic of Moldova. They are based on analysis in previous chapters of this report and consider proceedings from the Expert Meeting and the National Policy Dialogue (NPD) Co‑ordination Council meeting in November 2016. It outlines an indicative implementation plan, with references to Annexes for further information. Finally, it makes a wide range of recommendations, including ones with respect to institutional set up, facilitating performance improvement, regionalisation, business models, tariffs, the use of economic instruments, access to finance and social measures. Implementation of the proposed recommendations is discussed at the end of the chapter.
This report aims to support the development of a sound economic regulatory system (ERS) for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter – “Moldova”). It was prepared to inform and facilitate the National Policy Dialogue (NPD) on water policy in Moldova. The NPD was conducted in co‑operation with the European Union Water Initiative plus for Eastern Partnership (EAP) countries (EUWI+) and facilitated by the OECD GREEN Action Programme Task Force (former EAP Task Force) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The report was made possible through the financial support of the European Union, which is gratefully acknowledged.
This chapter discusses good practice and experience potentially applicable in the Republic of Moldova from selected reference countries. Chile has a highly advanced regulatory system. Kazakhstan, a former country of the Soviet Union, has embarked on comprehensive regulatory reform. The Netherlands, which regionalised water supply in the mid-1970s, is also known for its multistakeholder approaches and special social instruments. The Flanders region of Belgium is known for its advanced system of tariff-related social measures. Good practice in economic regulatory systems does not provide for practices that may simply be copied. The examples merely illustrate the importance of transparency, dialogue and how instruments should fit with policy objectives and with regulatory capacity.
Based on the review of measures aimed at protecting customers at risk of energy poverty that are used in the European Union and elsewhere, this chapter identifies possible measures that can be implemented in Moldova. The advantages and disadvantages of these measures are then analysed in detail. As a result, six compensation measures are selected for further modelling and analysis.
Cre?terea pre?urilor energiei poate avea un sens economic ?i ecologic, dar nu ar trebui sa duca la provocari sporite privind accesibilitatea atunci când reforma politica este privita în întregime. Folosirea unei par?i a veniturilor suplimentare generate de impozitele mai ridicate ?i punerea în aplicare a unor masuri bine definite de protec?ie sociala poate contribui la evitarea riscului crescut de accesibilitate la energie ?i poate chiar reduce acest risc, daca se aloca suficiente venituri pentru a sprijini gospodariile vulnerabile.
Acest capitol prezinta pre?urile la energia electrica, gazele naturale ?i încalzire în Republica Moldova ?i analizeaza accesibilitatea gospodariilor de a consuma energie. Pentru a defini accesibilitatea energiei, costurile medii anuale ale energiei sunt comparate cu venitul mediu anual al gospodariei. Pentru a oferi o în?elegere mai buna a situa?iei Moldovei fa?a de alte ?ari, am analizat ?i accesibilitatea energiei într-un numar selectat de ?ari din Uniunea Europeana (UE), Europa de Sud-Est, Parteneriatul Estic al UE (PE) ?i Regiunea Asiei Centrale (AC).
Având la baza analiza masurilor menite sa protejeze clien?ii expu?i riscului de saracie energetica care sunt folosite în Uniunea Europeana ?i în alte par?i, aceasta sec?iune propune masuri eventuale de implementare a acestora în Moldova. Avantajele ?i dezavantajele acestor masuri sunt mai apoi analizate detaliat. Prin urmare, sunt selectate ?ase masuri de compensare pentru modelarea ?i testarea ulterioara.
Acest capitol prezinta ?i analizeaza succint principalele scheme de subven?ionare a energiei în Moldova, intensitatea energetica ?i emisiile de gaze cu efect de sera în Moldova ?i problemele legate de datoria publica a Republicii Moldova. Aceste aspecte au o importan?a deosebita, deoarece fac parte din informa?iile ?i datele de baza necesare evaluarii impactului reformei subven?iei energetice în Moldova.
Acest capitol prezinta defini?ia saraciei energetice pe baza experien?ei diferitor state membre ale UE. De asemenea, sunt analizate succint câteva tipuri majore de masuri pe care ?arile UE le utilizeaza pentru a proteja grupurile vulnerabile care sunt expuse riscului de saracie energetica.