OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Industrial Raw Materials 2025

The OECD Inventory on Export Restrictions on Industrial Raw Materials has tracked export restrictions since 2009. It is updated annually and provides detailed data on the incidence, type, scope, and evolution of export restrictions across countries and products. The current edition reveals that export restrictions on industrial raw materials increased more than fivefold between 2009 and 2023, with a pronounced acceleration in 2023 which added over 500 new raw material products to the list of products with at least one export restriction. For some products, the global incidence of export restrictions increased by over 10%. In view of global interdependency, such restrictions risk disrupting supply chains and understanding their impact is crucial to identifying less restrictive alternatives that would balance security and development goals.