OECD Urban Policy Reviews: Viet Nam
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of Viet Nam’s urban policies and analyses how national spatial planning for urban areas, along with specific sectoral policies, directly and indirectly affect Viet Nam’s urban development. It points to a number of policy areas which Viet Nam can tap into, in order to fully capitalise on the unique opportunities that its urbanisation process may bring about, including urban transport, housing, land, the quality of urban environment, and urban green growth. The review also assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of current urban governance arrangements, and makes recommendations for Viet Nam to develop an attractive and well-managed system of large and medium-sized cities, thereby contributing to achieving its sustainable development objectives.
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Assessment and recommendations
With 91.7 million people in 2016, Viet Nam is the third-most populated country in Southeast Asia, after Indonesia and the Philippines. The Doi Moi reform, started in 1986, has led its transformation process from an agriculture-based economy into a rapidly urbanising industrial economy. Since 1990, the country has boosted income per capita fourfold and sustained a remarkable economic growth rate, 7% per year, thanks to the thriving manufacturing and construction sectors, robust exports and growing foreign investment. Since 2003, the country has ranked, on average, as the third destination of foreign direct investment in the Asia-Pacific region after China and India. Recently, the service sector has also experienced strong growth and now represents more than 40% of Viet Nam’s GDP.
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