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This report presenst a general review of the working of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport and its relations with other international organisations. As well as detailing the sectoral studies undertaken by the Conference the report contains a general review of the transport situation in the ECMT area during the year 1955.
Too much traffic? Road networks are increasingly unable to cope with ever-expanding requirements. Already severe in densely populated areas, the problem is becoming even more so as road traffic grows substantially.
Since road congestion can jeopardise vital economic interests, some specialists are advocating a process of user selection, essentially by means of a price mechanism. This Round Table examines the introduction of "road pricing" or a similar method in the form of tolls and compares approaches adopted in a number of countries.
Current changes in the structure of population, whether they relate to ageing or the radical modification of social practices, are of the utmost importance. Without dynamic new measures in the sphere of public transport, the private car will continue to be used more and more and what already seem to be insurmountable problems will be aggravated.
Round Table 88 seeks to determine the scale of these changes before analysing the various ways in which public transport can respond.
In view of the growing congestion of inland transport infrastructure, both road and rail, short sea shipping clearly warrants consideration as a valuable alternative. It is, in fact, a branch of transport activity that has attracted little attention, so its potential is still to be assessed.
Round Table 89 provides some factual information and analyses in this respect, thus giving a clearer picture of the activity at present and of the main obstacles to its development, such as the cost of port operations and legal problems.
Studies on mobility and the organisation of transport do not usually take sufficient account of short-distance travel: journeys made on foot, by bicycle or by "people movers". When designing urban areas, planners underestimate the number of trips made by foot and the scope for non-motorised transport, an error that is now widely criticised by both the general public and certain policymakers. What is essentially called for is not drastic action involving substantial investment but simply a change in outlook. "People movers" -- or short-distance mechanised transport systems -- serve exceptional travel needs which cannot be met by conventional modes and which are impracticable by car, bicycle, or on foot.
This annual publication sets out the main statistical data concerning the transport sector in the Member countries of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT). For the first time, the reader will find data on the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Moldova. The Czech and Slovak Republics joined the ECMT in 1993 whereas Moldova has been a Member since 1994. Tables cover such topics as investment, infrastructure, rolling stock, human resources, traffic and energy consumption for the different modes of transport.
Strategic environmental assessment is emerging as a tool for integrated decision-making on major transport infrastructure investments and in the planning and policy making process more generally. The discipline is a new one, and by reviewing experience around the world, this report contributes to the development of effective procedures for incorporating adequate environmental assessments in all strategic transport sector decisions.
This book records the trends in road accident statistics for the period 1993 and 1994 in ECMT Member countries, five associate Member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, the Russian Federation and the United States) and one observer country (Morocco). It provides data on the trends from 1980 to 1994 in these countries, individually and as a whole, in numbers of motor vehicles, accidents causing casualties, and in numbers killed and casualties (killed and injured). It also highlights a number of factors to be taken into account in any analysis of road accidents and provides a dynamic assessment of the reality on our roads.
More than 75 000 people are killed each year on rural roads in OECD countries; this represents about 60% of fatal road crashes. This loss of lives has an economic cost of around US$135 billion per year. The relative share of rural road fatalities in total road fatalities has risen from less than 55% in 1980 to more than 60% in 1996. While there has been a reduction in the total number of road fatalities in OECD countries during the past 20 years, it is clear that safety improvements on motorways and urban roads have been more successful than those on rural roads.
Following an in-depth review of the characteristics of road crashes in rural areas, the book proposes a series of safety measures, focusing on infrastructure management, enforcement, innovative tools, such as intelligent transport systems, and trauma management. The book strives to raise the awareness of road users, decision makers and politicians of the importance of road safety in rural areas. It is a very useful handbook for local, regional or national authorities seeking to improve -- sometimes at very low cost -- safety on rural roads.
The Seminar, held in Paris in December 1998, was a forum for discussion, in a broad sense, gathering together people from international scientific circles and people responsible for the preparation of political decisions. Bringing together delegates from more than 30 European countries, it was the occasion to discuss the following four recurring topics: working conditions: effects of foreseen modifications of working time on both the security and health of drivers; access to, and future of, the profession; the economic stakes: business competitivity, subcontracting, competition not only between enterprises but also between countries; and the role and limits of public authorities.
Between 1997 and 1999 the ECMT issued three reports and three resolutions on safety in road traffic for vulnerable users, namely cyclists, pedestrians and users of two-wheeled motorised vehicles (mopeds and motorcycles). These studies form part of a wider area of review which, in addition to road safety itself, takes into account the demographic trend in ECMT countries - population ageing - and the highly topical issues of mobility, land use planning, the environment and public health. The measures recommended (whether general or specific to each user category) show that much remains to be done to ensure the safety of vulnerable users. The aim is not to promote a single model, but to develop strategies tailored to the specific features of each country. This publication should enable all concerned to take stock of the different approaches developed in ECMT countries and to find guidance in examples of "good practice".
This annual report records trends in road accidents statistics for the period 1995-1996 in ECMT Member countries, 5 associate Member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States) and one observer country (Morocco). It provides data on the trends from 1985 to 1996 in these countries, individually and as a whole, in numbers of motor vehicles, accidents causing casualties, and in numbers of killed and casualties (killed and injured). It also highlights a number of factors to be taken into account in any analysis of road accidents and provides a dynamic assessment of the reality of our roads.