This report analyses the actions necessary in the near and medium term to reduce Israel’s GHG emissions in three sectors– electricity, residential and transport, for which specific policy recommendations are developed. The report will serve as input to the roadmap that will be developed to support the country’s long-term low-emission strategy (LT-LEDS). The report adopts a “well-being lens” that aims to integrate climate action and broader societal priorities, such as affordable housing, better accessibility to jobs, services and opportunities, and improved health. Such an approach can make climate policies both easier to implement politically, economically and socially, as well as more cost-effective. Particular attention is given to avoiding locking in unsustainable development pathways that would impede the achievement of net-zero carbon dioxide emissions in the second half of the century. In addition to the range of sector specific recommendations, a key recommendation for Israel is to enshrine the vision and targets of its LT-LEDS in national legislation, once developed and agreed. While written before the COVID-19 crisis, this report can also inform decisions on Israel’s recovery from the crisis, helping to avoid actions that would lock-in “inferior” carbon-intensive paradigms and entrench inequalities or reduce quality of life more broadly.
В настоящем отчете анализируются планируемые инфраструктурные проекты, основы принятия решений относительно развития инфраструктуры и документы по вопросам стратегического планирования, существующие в восьми странах Центральной Азии и Кавказа: Азербайджане, Грузии, Казахстане, Кыргызской Республике, Монголии, Таджикистане, Туркменистане и Узбекистане. В нем проводится сопоставление текущих инвестиционных потоков с национальными целями в области развития стран для указания несоответствий между ними и предоставляются рекомендации директивным органам для более полной интеграции проблем, связанных с изменением климата, и прочих экологических вопросов в процессы принятия решений относительно развития инфраструктуры. В отчете представлен комплексный обзор инфраструктурных инвестиций, в основном в сфере транспорта и энергетике, осуществляемых в регионе, а также указаны риски и возможности, связанные с нынешними тенденциями в области инвестиций.
L'OCDE s'efforce de trouver des solutions fondées sur des données probantes à toute une série de défis sociaux, économiques et environnementaux, en promouvant "Des politiques meilleures pour une vie meilleure". La propagation mondiale du coronavirus en 2020 a rendu l'engagement au service de cet objectif d'autant plus pertinent. Cette édition du Rapport du Secrétaire général de l'OCDE aux ministres présente les principales réalisations de l'OCDE en 2019. Elle décrit les travaux de l'OCDE sur l'économie, l'emploi, l'éducation, la santé, les inégalités, l'environnement, la fiscalité et bien d’autres domaines, dans le contexte d’un monde en rapide évolution. Ce rapport présente également les activités du Secrétaire général et de son bureau, ainsi que celles des directions, agences, entités spéciales et comités consultatifs de l'OCDE.
L’OCDE constitue au niveau mondial l’une des sources les plus importantes et les plus fiables de recherche et de données statistiques comparables. C’est aussi un forum et un pôle de connaissances sans équivalent pour l’échange d’expériences, le partage de bonnes pratiques et la formulation de conseils sur les politiques publiques et l’élaboration de normes de référence au niveau mondial. Cette année marquera le 60e anniversaire de l’Organisation : ce sera l'occasion de nous retourner sur le passé et d’élaborer une vision pour l'avenir. Plus que jamais, nous avons besoin de politiques fondées sur des données probantes pour construire des sociétés et des économies qui soient plus résilientes, plus inclusives et plus durables.
The OECD works on finding evidence-based solutions to a range of social, economic and environmental challenges, promoting “Better Policies for Better Lives”. The global spread of coronavirus in 2020 has made the commitment to this motto all the more relevant. This edition of the OECD Secretary-General's Report to Ministers outlines the main achievements of the OECD in 2019. It describes the OECD’s work on economics, employment, education, health, inequalities, the environment, tax and many other fields in the context of a rapidly changing world. It includes the activities of the Secretary-General and his office, as well as those of OECD directorates, agencies, special entities and advisory committees.
The OECD is one of the world’s largest and most trusted sources of comparable statistical data and research. It is also a unique forum and knowledge hub for exchange of experiences, best-practice sharing, and advice on public policies and global standard-setting. This year will mark the 60th anniversary of the Organisation, and this will be the opportunity to reflect on the past, and develop a vision for the future. More than ever, we need evidence-based policies geared towards building societies and economies that are more resilient, inclusive and sustainable.
The report presents an in-depth analysis of various policies that aim to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of urban transport. Decarbonising transport lies at the core of efforts to mitigate climate change and has close links to urban sustainability and housing affordability. The report identifies the drivers of rising emissions in the urban transport sector and offers pathways to reduce them through a combination of transport and land use policies. The analysis yields a holistic welfare evaluation of these policies, assessing them according to their environmental effectiveness, their economic efficiency and their impact on fiscal balance and housing affordability. The report concludes that significant reductions in emissions from urban transport can be achieved through a careful alignment of transport policies designed to promote the use of public transit and electric vehicles, and land use policies, which foster a more compact urban form. The study is based on the case of Auckland, New Zealand but the lessons drawn are relevant for institutions and governments working on issues relating to urban sustainability, transport, housing and climate change mitigation.
Quais são as principais tendências económicas e sociais em África? Qual o papel de África na globalização? Este relatório anual revela uma África aberta ao mundo e ao futuro. Dinâmicas do desenvolvimento em África usa as lições de cinco regiões africanas – África Central, África Oriental, Norte de África, África Austral e África Ocidental – para desenvolver recomendações e partilhar boas práticas. O relatório identifica políticas inovadoras e oferece recomendações práticas, adaptadas às especificidades das economias africanas. Com base nas estatísticas mais recentes, esta análise das dinâmicas de desenvolvimento visa ajudar os líderes africanos a cumprirem as metas da Agenda 2063 da União Africana a todos os níveis: continental, regional, nacional e local. Cada edição anual deste relatório centra-se num tema estratégico.
A edição de 2019 explora as políticas de apoio à transformação produtiva identificando três áreas principais para a transformação das empresas: a prestação de serviços empresariais a grupos de empresas; o desenvolvimento de redes regionais de produção; e a melhoria da capacidade de crescimento das empresas exportadoras em mercados em rápida transformação.
This report reviews possible determinants of global maritime goods transport over the coming decades. It addresses the uncertainties that surround the future of maritime trade flows such as the development of demand, the costs of environmental regulation, maritime business strategies, the Belt and Road Initiative, and Arctic shipping. The report summarises discussions of an ITF Roundtable held in Paris, France in April 2019.
Les perspectives des transports FIT donnent un aperçu des tendances récentes et des perspectives à court terme du secteur des transports au niveau mondial ainsi que des perspectives à long terme des demandes de transport jusqu'en 2050. L'analyse comprend le transport de marchandises (maritime, aérien et de surface) et de passagers (voiture, rail, air) ainsi que les émissions de CO2.
Cette édition examine les impacts de perturbations potentielles des systèmes de transport. Il explore également des scénarios de politiques publiques alternatives pour les tendances à long terme de la demande de transport et des émissions de CO2 de tous les modes de transport de marchandises et de passagers.
El reporte ofrece una descripción y una evaluación de las acciones llevadas a cabo recientemente por el gobierno mexicano para mejorar la calidad de la regulación y la gobernanza regulatoria en el sector ferroviario en México. En particular, el reporte identifica y describe reformas regulatorias recientes en el sector ferroviario, el progreso en la implementación de las recomendaciones de la OCDE emitidas en el 2017 en relación con la regulación ferroviaria; las reformas que condujeron a la creación de la Agencia Reguladora del Transporte Ferroviario, así como sus atribuciones legales. Además, documenta las prácticas regulatorias actuales de la Agencia. Las reformas y prácticas fueron evaluadas con base en los principios de la OCDE y las experiencias de los países. Finalmente, el reporte ofrece recomendaciones para continuar los esfuerzos de reforma.
Le Glossaire des statistiques de transport a été publié pour la première fois en 1994 afin d’aider les pays membres dans la collecte de données sur le transport effectuée au moyen du Questionnaire commun mis au point par la CEE-ONU, le FIT et Eurostat. Depuis lors, il a évolué pour couvrir tous les domaines des statistiques de transport.
Cette cinquième édition est le résultat de la bonne coopération entre ces trois organisations qui, grâce à un Groupe de travail intersecrétariat (IWG.Trans), poursuivent l’effort d’harmonisation des statistiques de transport aux niveaux européen et international. L’IWG a apporté une contribution appréciable en ce qui concerne les définitions manquantes, la terminologie désuète ainsi que les définitions qui nécessitaient une reformulation ou une clarification, une révision et une illustration.
Cette nouvelle cinquième édition du Glossaire comprend 744 définitions et constitue un document de référence pour toutes les personnes concernées par les statistiques de transport. En suivant l’orientation exprimée dans ces définitions, il sera possible d’améliorer considérablement la qualité et la comparabilité des données.
The Glossary for transport statistics was published for the first time in 1994 with the purpose of assisting member countries during the collection of data on transport using the Common Questionnaire developed by the UNECE, the International Transport Forum and Eurostat. It has since evolved to cover all areas of transport statistics.
The present fifth edition is the result of continuing valuable cooperation between the three organisations, that – through the action of the Intersecretariat Working Group (IWG. Trans.) – has put a sustained effort into harmonizing transport statistics at the European and international level. The IWG provided valuable input with respect to missing definitions, terminology that is outdated, as well as definitions that should be reformulated or clarified, revised and illustrated.
The new 5th edition of the Glossary comprises 744 definitions and represents a point of reference for all those involved in transport statistics. By following the guidance contained within these definitions, a considerable contribution will be given to the improvement in both the quality and comparability of the data.
As “market referees”, regulators contribute to the delivery of essential public utilities. Their organisational culture, behaviour and governance are important factors in how they, and the sectors they oversee, perform. The report uses the OECD Performance Assessment Framework for Economic Regulators to assess both the internal and external governance of Peru's Transport Infrastructure Regulator (OSITRAN). The review discusses OSITRAN's good practices, analyses the key drivers of its performance, and proposes an integrated reform package to help the regulator prepare for the future.
Como “árbitros de mercado”, los reguladores económicos contribuyen con la prestación de servicios públicos esenciales. Su cultura organizacional, comportamiento y gobernanza, son factores importantes para determinar su desempeño y el de los sectores regulados. Este informe aplica el Marco para la Evaluación del Desempeño de los Reguladores Económicos de la OCDE (PAFER, por sus siglas en inglés), para evaluar tanto la gobernanza interna como externa del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Infraestructura de Transporte de Uso Público de Perú (OSITRAN). El reporte identifica las buenas prácticas del OSITRAN, analiza los factores clave de su desempeño, y propone una reforma integral para ayudar al regulador a prepararse para el futuro.
The report provides a description and an assessment of the recent actions carried out by the Mexican government to enhance the quality of regulation and regulatory governance in the rail sector in Mexico. In particular, the report identifies and describes recent regulatory reforms in the rail sector; the progress in implementing OECD recommendations relative to rail regulation issued in 2017; the reforms that led to the Mexican Rail Regulatory Agency, as well as the legal powers granted. It also documents the current regulatory practices of this Agency. The reforms and practices are assessed against OECD principles and country experiences. Finally, the report provides recommendations for continuing the reform efforts.
This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It compares current investment flows with countries' national development objectives to identify misalignments and provides policy-makers with recommendations to improve the integration of climate change and other environmental concerns into infrastucture development decision-making processes. The report presents a comprehensive overview of infrastructure investment, primarily in the transport and energy sectors, throughout the region and identifies the risks and opportunities emerging from current investment patterns.
This report outlines good practice for regulatory impact assessment (RIA) in transport. It describes the rationale and the benefits of RIA frameworks and offers guidance for the practical implemention of RIA in the transport sector. The report also contains recommendations for governments seeking to implement RIA within their jurisdictions.
Africa’s Development DynamicsWhat are the major economic and social trends in Africa? What is Africa’s role in globalisation? This annual report presents an Africa open to the world and towards the future. uses the lessons learned in the five African regions – Central, East, North, Southern and West Africa – to develop recommendations and share good practices. The report identifies innovative policies and offers practical policy recommendations, adapted to the specificities of African economies. Drawing on the most recent available statistics, this analysis of development dynamics aims to help African leaders reach the targets of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 at all levels: continental, regional, national, and local. Every year this report will focus on one strategic theme.
This 2019 edition explores policies for productive transformation. It proposes three main policy focus for transforming firms: providing business services to clusters of firms; developing regional production networks; and improving exporting firms’ ability to thrive in fast-changing markets.
This volume feeds into a policy debate between African Union’s nations, citizens, entrepreneurs and researchers. It aims to be part of a new co-operation between countries and regions focused on mutual learning and the preservation of common goods. This report is the result of a partnership between the African Union Commission and the OECD Development Centre.
Dynamiques du développement en AfriqueQuelles sont les tendances économiques et sociales majeures en Afrique aujourd’hui ? Comment l’Afrique s’inscrit-elle dans la mondialisation ? Ce rapport annuel parle d’une Afrique ouverte sur le monde et l’avenir. tire les leçons des expériences des cinq sous-régions – Afrique australe, centrale, de l’Est, du Nord et de l’Ouest – pour partager et développer les bonnes pratiques. Le rapport identifie les politiques innovantes et offre des recommandations pratiques, adaptées aux spécificités des économies africaines. Étayé par les plus récentes statistiques, son décryptage des dynamiques du développement vise à permettre aux leaders africains de réaliser la vision stratégique de l’agenda 2063 à tous les niveaux : continental, régional, national et local. Chaque édition examine ainsi un thème stratégique.
L’édition 2019 explore les politiques de soutien à la transformation productive. Elle propose trois principaux axes politiques pour transformer les entreprises : fournir des services commerciaux aux regroupements d’entreprises ; mettre en place des réseaux de production régionaux ; et améliorer la capacité des entreprises exportatrices à se développer dans des marchés en mutation rapide.
Cet ouvrage a pour vocation de nourrir le débat entre les membres de l’Union africaine, ainsi que les citoyens, entrepreneurs et chercheurs. Son ambition est de participer à une nouvelle coopération – entre pays, régions... – tournée vers l’apprentissage mutuel et la préservation de nos biens communs. Il est lui-même le fruit de la coopération entre la Commission de l’Union Africaine et le Centre de développement de l’OCDE.
The IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2019 provides an overview of road safety performance for 41 countries. The report outlines the most recent road safety developments there and provides comparative data for the main road safety indicators. It also offers detailed analysis by road user, age group and types of road. It describes the crash data collection process in IRTAD countries, the road safety strategies and targets in place and information on recent trends in speeding, drink-driving and other aspects of road user behaviour.
This report revisits the rationale and methods for estimating the value of reductions in travel time. In doing so, it considers changes in the way people use time and specifically explores whether the value of time will fall towards zero as connected technologies allow a wide range of activities while travelling. The report also reviews evidence and methodologies to account for the utility derived from such activities, as well as implications for modelling, appraisal and policy planning. It summarises the findings of an ITF Roundtable held with 30 experts from 14 countries in September 2018 in Paris.