Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD - ISSN 2075-2288 - © OECD 2023
| | Country statistical profile: Germany 2023 | |||||||||
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| | | Unit | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| | Production and income | |||||||||
| | GDP per capita | USD current PPPs | 47 610 | 50 579 | 53 071 | 55 196 | 57 412 | 56 454 | 59 055 | 63 522 |
| | Gross national income (GNI) per capita | USD current PPPs | 48 695 | 51 834 | 54 336 | 57 057 | 59 329 | 58 145 | 60 885 | 65 554 |
| | Household disposable income per capita | Annual growth % | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.4 | 0.4 |
| | Economic growth | |||||||||
| | Real GDP growth | Annual growth % | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | -3.8 | 3.2 | 1.8 |
| | Net saving rate in household disposable income | % | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 11.3 | ||||
| | Gross fixed capital formation | Annual growth % | 1.7 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 | -2.4 | -0.2 | 0.1 |
| | Economic structure: share of real value added | |||||||||
| | Agriculture, forestry, fishing | % | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||||
| | Industry including energy | % | 25.6 | 25.9 | 25.8 | 25.4 | ||||
| | Construction | % | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.9 | ||||
| | Trade, repairs, transport, accomm., food services | % | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 15.9 | ||||
| | Information, communication | % | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.8 | ||||
| | Finance and insurance | % | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | ||||
| | Real estate | % | 11.0 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 10.5 | ||||
| | Professional, scientific, support services | % | 11.3 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.7 | ||||
| | Public admin., defence, education, health, social work | % | 18.0 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.3 | ||||
| | Other services (ISIC Rev.4 R - U) | % | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | ||||
| | Government deficits and debt | |||||||||
| | Government deficit | % of GDP | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.9 | ||||
| | General government debt | % of GDP | 79.8 | 77.0 | 72.4 | 69.2 | 67.6 | 78.4 | 77.1 | .. |
| | General government revenues | % of GDP | 45.1 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 46.3 | 46.5 | 46.1 | 47.3 | 47.0 |
| | General government expenditures | % of GDP | 44.1 | 44.4 | 44.2 | 44.3 | 45.0 | 50.4 | 51.0 | .. |
| | Expenditure | |||||||||
| | Government/compulsory expenditure on health | % of GDP | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 10.9 |
| | Voluntary expenditure on health | % of GDP | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 |
| | Public social expenditure | % of GDP | 25.1 | 25.3 | 25.2 | 25.3 | 25.6 | 27.9 | 27.6 | 26.7 |
| | Private social expenditure | % of GDP | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Public pension expenditure | % of GDP | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.4 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Private pension expenditure | % of GDP | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | .. | .. |
| | Official Development Assistance - grant equivalent | % of GNI | .. | .. | .. | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.73 | 0.76 | 0.83 |
| | Official Development Assistance - flows basis | % of GNI | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.67 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Taxes | |||||||||
| | Total tax revenue | % of GDP | 37.3 | 37.8 | 37.7 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 37.9 | 39.5 | .. |
| | Tax on personal income | % of GDP | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.5 | .. |
| | Tax on corporate profits | % of GDP | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | .. |
| | Taxes on goods and services | % of GDP | 10.6 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 10.5 | .. |
| | Taxes on the average worker | % of labour cost | 49.4 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 49.3 | 48.8 | 48.1 | 47.8 |
| | Trade | |||||||||
| | Imports of goods and services | % of GDP | 39.3 | 38.7 | 40.1 | 41.2 | ||||
| | Exports of goods and services | % of GDP | 46.9 | 46.1 | 47.2 | 47.3 | ||||
| | Goods trade balance: exports minus imports of goods | Bln USD | 270.3 | 271.5 | 279.7 | 274.1 | 254.7 | 205.1 | 206.3 | 80.7 |
| | Imports of goods | Bln USD | 1 046.3 | 1 049.3 | 1 160.1 | 1 283.7 | 1 233.1 | 1 165.8 | 1 410.5 | 1 559.1 |
| | Exports of goods | Bln USD | 1 316.7 | 1 321.2 | 1 440.8 | 1 558.4 | 1 487.7 | 1 372.4 | 1 617.8 | 1 640.7 |
| | Service trade balance: exports minus imports of services | Bln USD | -20.5 | -23.2 | -27.0 | -18.7 | -15.2 | 8.5 | 5.7 | -32.6 |
| | Imports of services | Bln USD | 301.6 | 316.4 | 347.2 | 375.9 | 381.9 | 322.7 | 402.5 | 461.4 |
| | Exports of services | Bln USD | 281.0 | 293.2 | 320.2 | 357.2 | 366.7 | 331.1 | 408.2 | 428.8 |
| | Current account balance of payments | % of GDP | 8.7 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 4.3 |
| | Foreign direct investment (FDI) | |||||||||
| | Outward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 1 362 473 | 1 380 616 | 1 671 557 | 1 688 562 | 1 826 948 | 2 023 648 | 2 118 898 | 2 175 440 |
| | Inward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 795 496 | 806 016 | 996 998 | 973 494 | 1 017 842 | 1 166 844 | 1 137 696 | 1 088 386 |
| | Inflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 20 335 | 22 658 | 48 287 | 71 978 | 52 682 | 56 076 | 46 462 | 11 039 |
| | Outflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 88 760 | 70 719 | 85 894 | 97 056 | 151 074 | 50 510 | 165 157 | 142 788 |
| | Prices and interest rates | |||||||||
| | Inflation rate: all items | Annual growth % | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 6.9 |
| | Inflation rate: all items non food non energy | Annual growth % | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 3.9 |
| | Inflation rate: food | Annual growth % | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 12.6 |
| | Inflation rate: energy | Annual growth % | -7.3 | -5.3 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 1.4 | -4.2 | 10.8 | 30.2 |
| | Producer Price Indices (PPI): manufacturing | Annual growth % | -1.3 | -0.5 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 0.9 | -0.4 | 5.8 | 15.1 |
| | Long-term interest rates | % | 0.50 | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.40 | -0.25 | -0.51 | -0.37 | 1.14 |
| | Purchasing power and exchange rates | |||||||||
| | Purchasing power parities | EUR per USD | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.73 |
| | Exchange rates | EUR per USD | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.95 |
| | Indices of price levels | OECD=100 | 98 | 96 | 97 | 100 | 96 | 98 | 100 | 96 |
| | Energy supply and prices | |||||||||
| | Total primary energy supply (TPES) | Mtoe | 308.8 | 310.1 | 311.1 | 303.4 | 296.7 | 278.5 | 287.9 | 268.6 |
| | TPES per unit of GDP at 2000 prices and PPPs | Toe per '000 USD | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| | Renewable energy | Ktoe | 39 025.5 | 38 853.1 | 41 446.8 | 42 348.1 | 44 054.4 | 45 566.5 | 45 015.9 | .. |
| | Crude oil import prices | USD per barrel | 52.65 | 42.80 | 54.02 | 70.50 | 64.43 | 43.05 | 71.19 | 97.99 |
| | Information and Communications Technology (ICT) | |||||||||
| | Households with access to computers | % | 91.0 | .. | 92.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Households with access to internet | % | 90.3 | 92.1 | 92.9 | 94.4 | 94.8 | 95.8 | 91.4 | |
| | Environment | |||||||||
| | Water abstactions | Mln m3 | 24 365 | 20 717 | .. | .. | .. | |||
| | National fish landings in domestic ports | '000 tonnes | 29 | 91 | 76 | 86 | 42 | 48 | .. | .. |
| | National fish landings in foreign ports | '000 tonnes | 141 | 160 | 180 | 185 | 151 | 133 | .. | .. |
| | Aquaculture | '000 tonnes | 30 | 42 | 36 | 34 | 41 | 32 | 33 | .. |
| | Municipal waste total | '000 tonnes | 51 625 | 52 133 | 51 790 | 50 260 | 53 322 | .. | ||
| | Municipal waste total per capita | Kg | 632 | 633 | 627 | 606 | 609 | 641 | 647 | .. |
| | CO2emissions from fuel combustion | Mln tonnes | 730 | 734 | 719 | 695 | 645 | 590 | 622 | .. |
| | Education | |||||||||
| | Tertiary attainment in population aged 25-64 | % | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 33 |
| | Expenditure per student: primary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 8 652 | 9 171 | 9 518 | 10 113 | 10 955 | 11 587 | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: secondary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 11 828 | 12 549 | 13 208 | 13 950 | 14 842 | 15 614 | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: tertiary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 17 063 | 17 800 | 18 382 | 19 356 | 20 223 | 20 760 | .. | .. |
| | Youths 15-19 not in education nor employment | % | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.8 | .. | 5.2 | 4.6 |
| | Youths 20-24 not in education nor employment | % | 9.3 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 8.8 | .. | 10.5 | 8.9 |
| | Employment | |||||||||
| | Employment rate in population aged 15-24 | % | 44.7 | 45.2 | 45.9 | 46.5 | 48.4 | 50.4 | ||
| | Employment rate in population aged 25-54 | % | 82.6 | 82.9 | 83.2 | 83.8 | 84.2 | 85.2 | ||
| | Employment rate in population aged 55-64 | % | 65.2 | 67.6 | 69.2 | 70.4 | 71.8 | 73.3 | ||
| | Incidence of part-time employment | % | 22.4 | 22.1 | 22.2 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.5 | 22.1 | 22.2 |
| | Self-employment rate: total employment | % | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 9.9 | .. | 8.9 | 8.7 | |
| | Self-employment rate: male employment | % | 13.4 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 12.2 | .. | 11.1 | .. | |
| | Self-employment rate: female employment | % | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.3 | .. | 6.5 | 6.5 | |
| | Unemployment | |||||||||
| | Unemployment rate: total labour force | % | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.1 |
| | Unemployment rate: male labour force | % | 4.7 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.3 |
| | Unemployment rate: female labour force | % | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
| | Long-term unemployment: total unemployed | % | 44.0 | 41.1 | 41.9 | 41.4 | 38.2 | .. | 32.8 | 33.0 |
| | Labour compensation and hours worked | |||||||||
| | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | Annual growth % | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 4.2 |
| | Average time worked per person in employment | Hours per year | 1 401 | 1 396 | 1 389 | 1 381 | 1 372 | 1 319 | 1 340 | 1 341 |
| | Research and Development (R&D) | |||||||||
| | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | Mln USD | 114 098 | 116 904 | 124 394 | 128 212 | 131 962 | 125 483 | 129 348 | .. |
| | Researchers: full-time equivalent | Per '000 employed | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.3 | .. |
| | Population | |||||||||
| | Total population | '000 persons | 81 687 | 82 349 | 82 657 | 82 906 | 83 093 | 83 161 | 83 196 | 83 798 |
| | Total fertitity rates | Children | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | .. |
| | Youth population aged less than 15 | % of population | 13.2 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.9 | 14.0 |
| | Elderly population aged 65 and over | % of population | 21.0 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 21.5 | 21.6 | 21.9 | 22.1 | 22.1 |
| | International migration | |||||||||
| | Foreign-born population | % of population | 13.3 | 13.9 | 15.4 | 15.8 | 16.1 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Foreign population | % of population | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 12.9 | 13.1 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born men | % of labour force | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.2 | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born men | % of labour force | 8.1 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 7.7 | 7.1 | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born women | % of labour force | 3.7 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born women | % of labour force | 7.3 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 6.6 | 5.6 | .. |
| | Health | |||||||||
| | Life expectancy at birth | Years | 80.7 | 81.0 | 81.1 | 81.0 | 81.3 | 81.1 | 80.8 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: men | Years | 78.3 | 78.6 | 78.7 | 78.6 | 79.0 | 78.7 | 78.4 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: women | Years | 83.1 | 83.5 | 83.4 | 83.3 | 83.7 | 83.5 | 83.3 | .. |
| | Infant mortality | Per '000 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | .. |
| | Overweight or obese, % of population aged 15 and over | Measured | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Suicide Rates | Per 100 000 persons | 10.9 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 9.7 | .. | .. |
| | Transport | |||||||||
| | Goods transport | Mln tonne-km | 504 476 | 518 104 | 510 892 | 509 624 | 476 040 | 494 238 | .. | |
| | Passenger transport | Mln passenger-km | 1 100 374 | 1 121 952 | 1 072 960 | 1 076 872 | 1 083 478 | 913 753 | .. | .. |
| | Road Fatalities | Per mln inhabitants | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | .. |
| Last updated: 6 October 2023; disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer | ||||||||||
Not available | ||||||||||
Break in series | ||||||||||
Estimated value | ||||||||||
| Source: OECD Data (data.oecd.org). | ||||||||||