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This volume is a reference book on current trends in the world coal market. Part I contains an analysis of the 2004 international coal market using IEA statistics that cover prices, demand, trade, supply and production. Part II contains country-specific statistics on coal in 30 OECD member countries and 8 OECD and IEA regional aggregates. Part III contains statistics on coal markets in key non-OECD coal producing and consuming countries.
This International Energy Agency review of energy policies and programmes systematically examines Australia's general energy policy including energy policy as it relates to the environment, energy demand, and energy end-use efficiency as well as energy policy concerning oil, coal, natural gas, renewables, electricity, and nuclear power. It also reviews research and development activities and presents key statistics. It finds that environmental sustainability is Australia's greatest energy challenge, and it makes a series of recommendations on that and other issues.
Cet ouvrage présente des données sur l’approvisionnement et la consommation énergétique, exprimées en unité d'origine pour le charbon, le pétrole, le gaz, l'électricité, la chaleur, les énergies renouvelables et les déchets pour plus de 100 pays ne faisant pas partie de l’OCDE. Les tableaux historiques présentent une synthèse des données sur la production, les échanges et la consommation finale. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des définitions des produits et des flux, ainsi que des notes explicatives sur les données de chaque pays.
A comprehensive book of data on the use of renewables and waste. The first part of the publication features an statistical overview for 2003 of renewable and waste energy in OECD and non-OECD countries. The second part provides moredetailed statistical tables for eight regional aggregates and for each of the thirty OECD countries, including preliminary data for 2004. The book also includes principles and definitions, and includes general notes, notes on energy sources, country notes, notes on geographical coverage, as well as conversion tables.
Cet ouvrage présente des données sur l’approvisionnement et la consommation de charbon, de pétrole, de gaz, d'électricité, de chaleur, d’énergies renouvelables et de déchets sous forme de bilans énergétiques complets exprimés en millions de tonnes d’équivalent pétrole. Les tableaux historiques présentent une synthèse des données sur la production, les échanges et la consommation finale ainsi que des principaux indicateurs économiques et énergétiques. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des définitions des produits et des flux, des notes explicatives sur les données de certains pays, ainsi que les facteurs de conversion entre les unités d’origine et les tonnes d’équivalent pétrole. Des données plus détaillées, exprimées en unités d’origine, sont publiées dans les Statistiques de l’énergie des pays de l’OCDE 2002-2003, recueil publié parallèlement au présent document.
Cet ouvrage présente des données sur l’approvisionnement et la consommation énergétique, exprimées en unités d'origine pour le charbon, le pétrole, le gaz, l'électricité, la chaleur, les énergies renouvelables et les déchets. Les tableaux historiques présentent une synthèse des données sur la production, les échanges et la consommation finale. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des définitions des produits et des flux, ainsi que des notes explicatives sur les données de chaque pays. Dans les Bilans énergétiques des pays de l’OCDE 2002-2003, recueil publié parallèlement au présent document, les données sont présentées sous forme de bilans énergétiques complets exprimés en millions de tonnes d’équivalent pétrole.
The report examines potential approaches for rapid uptake of telecommuting, "ecodriving”, and car-pooling, among other measures. It also provides methodologies and data that policy makers can use to decide which measures would be best adapted to their national circumstances. This “tool box” may help countries to complement other measures for coping with supply disruptions, such as use of strategic oil stocks.
The International Energy Agency's review of Turkey's energy policies and programmes. Following a summary of the conclusions and recommendations, the report surveys the general energy scene and energy policy in Turkey, looks at energy and the environment, reviews efforts to enhance energy efficiency, and then examines developments related to oil, natural gas, coal, renewable energy, and electricity. The book closes with a look at Turkey's R&D efforts related to energy.
The book finds that Turkey has undertaken significant reforms to open energy markets, but needs to undertake further actions to see the process to a successful conclusion. Turkey has been very active in international co-operation and has become an important energy corridor between east and west. It has transposed many EU laws and regulations into its own national legislation and is in the process of synchronising its electricity network with the European grid. It has also ratified the Framework Convention on Climate Change and is developing a climate change strategy. But it needs to focus more on energy supply and conservation, do more to evaluate the cost effectiveness of its policies, and better co-ordinate policies across various government bodies.
Studies show that cars use significantly more fuel per kilometre than suggested by official test ratings. This publication presents an analysis of the fuel efficiency gap and examines technologies available that could reduce that gap and improve fuel economy. It examines such areas as engine and transmission technologies, hybrid technologies, tyre inflation and technology, lubricants, and fuel-saving driver support devices. Together, these technologies could improve average on-road fuel economy by 10% or more at low or modest cost. Policies that could be used to encourage uptake of these technologies are also identified.
Cette étude est la sixième d’une série sur les coûts prévisionnels de production de l’électricité. Elle présente et analyse des estimations de coûts pour quelque 130 centrales électriques et cogénératrices, qu’elles soient nucléaires, alimentées au charbon, au gaz, ou qu’elles utilisent des sources d’énergie renouvelables. Des experts de 19 pays membres de l'OCDE, 2 organisations internationales et 3 pays non membres ont contribué à l’étude.
Les coûts moyens actualisés présentés et analysés dans le rapport ont été calculés sur la base des données fournies par les experts participants et d’hypothèses génériques choisies par le groupe, en utilisant une méthodologie commune. Ce rapport aborde des questions importantes relatives aux coûts de production de l’électricité. Il traite notamment des méthodes permettant d’incorporer les risques financiers dans l’évaluation des coûts, de l’effet sur ces coûts du marché des permis d’émissions du carbone ainsi que de l’intégration des centrales éoliennes dans les réseaux électriques.
Faisant autorité en la matière, cette publication intéressera les décideurs du secteur énergétique, les analystes des systèmes électriques et les économistes de l’énergie.
The Russian government is pursuing a strategy of very high economic growth, and as part of that strategy, has embarked on a highly ambitious programme of electricity reform. This book focuses on key aspects of the proposed reforms including creation of market structures, rules and a regulatory framework that will foster competitive markets; tariff rebalancing; and removal of cross subsidies. It also raises concerns as to the pace of reform in related areas such as the need for complementary reform in Russia's natural gas sector.
This sixth study in a series on projected costs of generating electricity presents and analyses cost estimates for some 130 power and co-generation (heat and power) plants using coal, gas, nuclear and renewable energy sources. Experts from 19 OECD member countries, 2 international organisations and 3 non-member countries contributed to the study.
The levelised lifetime costs presented and analysed were calculated with input data from participating experts and commonly agreed generic assumptions, using a uniform methodology. Key issues related to generation costs are addressed in the report, including methodologies to incorporate risk in cost assessments, impact of carbon emission trading and integration of wind power into electricity grids.
A reference in the field, this publication will be of interest to energy policy makers, electricity system analysts and energy economists.
This International Energy Agency review of Canada's energy policies and programmes systematically examines Canada's general energy scene and energy policy and then looks more specifically at energy and the environment, energy efficiency, policies and programs for specific types of energy, and energy R&D. It makes a series of policy recommendations, in particular with regard to meeting demand growth, emissions, efficiency, use of oil sands, and natural gas exploration.
This volume contains a broad analysis of recent developments in energy policies and markets in the 26 member countries of the International Energy Agency. The Overview Part focuses on energy markets and energy policies. It examines trends, including an analysis of energy demand, supply prices and energy-related CO2 emissions. It highlights key policy trends across member countries looking at energy security, energy market reform, climate change mitigation, energy efficiency, renewable energies and energy R&D. Notable developments in major non-member countries, including China, India, South-East Asia, Latin America, Russia, Caspian and Central Asia, Central and South-Eastern Europe and Libya, are also reviewed and evaluated.
As the special 30th anniversary edition, the overview contains two special sections: “The IEA 30 Years On”, assessing the policy and market trends in the three decades since the IEA’s establishment and looking forward to the new challenges in the next 30 years; and “In-depth Reviews in the Past Four Years – Cross-country Overview”, identifying common challenges from the in-depth reviews carried out over the past four years, covering all 26 countries. This book contains summaries of the in-depth reviews of Canada, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden conducted from October 2003 to June 2004. Shorter standard reviews are also covering seven other member countries: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States. Key statistical information is also included.
This 2004 edition of the International Energy Agency's periodic review of Luxembourg's energy policies and programmes provides a comprehensive overview of Luxembourg's policies related to energy markets, energy efficiency, and environmental impacts of energy usage. Separate chapters examine developments regarding, oil, natural gas, and electricity and renewables. The report finds substantial progress in opening markets to competition, fuel diversification, energy independence, and stability of electricity supply, and discusses the challenges Luxembourg will face in meeting its Kyoto commitments.
Hydrogen and fuel cells are vital technologies to ensure a secure and CO2-free energy future. This book draws primarily upon information contributed by IEA governments. In virtually all the IEA countries, important R&D and policy efforts on hydrogen and fuel cells are in place and expanding. Some are fully-integrated, government-funded programs, some are a key element in an overall strategy spread among multiple public and private efforts. The large amount of information provided in this publication reflects the vast array of technologies and logistics required to build the “hydrogen economy”.
Detailed, complete, timely and reliable statistics are essential to monitor the energy situation at a country level as well as at an international level. Energy statistics on supply, trade, stocks, transformation and demand are indeed the basis for any sound energy policy decision. This manual is designed to provide a basic understanding of energy statistics to the layman.