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This comprehensive review offers an analysis of Indonesia’s energy sector, with findings and recommendations that draw on experience in IEA member countries. Six areas are suggested for priority attention, including progressive reduction in fuel and electricity subsidies, better implementation of policy, improving clarity of the investment framework, helping the energy regulators do their job more effectively, and harnessing a sustainable development agenda particularly renewable energy and energy efficiency.
Cette publication annuelle présente les données sur l’évolution des émissions de CO2 de plus de 140 pays et régions, par secteur d’activité et par combustible, pour la période de 1971 à 2006. Les émissions calculées se fondent sur les bases de données de l’AIE ainsi que sur les méthodes et les facteurs d’émission définies dans les Lignes directrices du GIEC pour les inventaires nationaux de gaz à effet de serre - Version révisée 1996.
The World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2008 draws on the experience of another turbulent year in energy markets to provide new energy projections to 2030, region by region and fuel by fuel. It incorporates the latest data and policies. WEO-2008 focuses on two pressing issues facing the energy sector today:
-Prospects for oil and gas production: Through field-by-field analysis of production trends at 800 of the world’s largest oilfields, an assessment of the potential for finding and developing new reserves and a bottom-up analysis of upstream costs and investment, WEO-2008 takes a hard look at future global oil and gas supply.
-Post-2012 climate scenarios: Two different scenarios are assessed, one in which the atmospheric concentration of emissions is stabilised at 550 parts per million (ppm) in CO2 equivalent terms and the second at the still more ambitious level of 450ppm. The implications for energy demand, prices, investment, air pollution and energy security are fully spelled out. This ground-breaking analysis will enable policy makers to distill the key choices as they strive to agree in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post-Kyoto climate framework.
Oil, coal and natural gas will remain the world’s dominant sources of energy over the next decades, with resulting carbon dioxide emissions set to increase to unsustainable levels. However, technologies that help reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuels can reverse this trend. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is particularly promising. CCS takes CO2 from large stationary sources and stores it in deep geological layers to prevent its release into the atmosphere.
Responding to a G8 Gleneagles request, this study documents progress toward the development of CCS, covering capture, transportation and storage technologies and their costs; storage capacity estimates, regional assessment of CCS potential; legal and regulatory frameworks; public awareness and outreach strategies; and financial mechanisms and international mechanisms.
It also discusses the role of CCS in ambitious new energy scenarios that aim for substantial emissions reduction. This publication elaborates the potential of CCS in coal-fuelled electricity generation and estimates for capture in the industry and fuel transformation sectors. Finally, it assesses the infrastructure needed to process and transport large volumes of CO2.
Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies examines the key factors that will determine the success of renewable energy policies and how current policies can be improved to encourage greater deployment of renewables. Responding to the Gleneagles G8 call for a clean and secure energy future, it highlights key policy tools to fast-track renewables into the mainstream. This analysis illustrates good practices by applying the combined metrics of effectiveness and efficiency to renewable energy policies in the electricity, heating and transport sectors. It highlights significant barriers to accelerating renewables penetration, and argues that the great potential of renewables can be exploited much more rapidly and to a much larger extent if good practices are adopted.
The Natural Gas Market Review 2008 addresses the major developments in the world gas market, assessing investment in natural gas projects (LNG, pipelines, upstream), escalating costs, the activities of international oil and gas companies, and gas demand in the power sector. In addition, the publication includes data and forecasts on OECD and non-OECD regions to 2015 and in-depth reviews of five OECD countries and regions including the European Union. It also provides analysis of 34 non-OECD countries in South America, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, including a detailed assessment of the outlook for gas in Russia, as well as insights on new technologies to deliver gas to markets.
For the first time, the IEA has reviewed the energy policies of the European Union which shape the energy use of almost 500 million citizens in 27 EU member countries. A unique entity governed under complex and almost constantly evolving structures, the EU constitutes a challenge for energy policy makers. Its energy policy has a global impact, not only because of its 16% share of world energy demand, but also because of the EU leadership in addressing climate change.
Strong policy drives are underway in the EU to achieve the completion of the internal energy market, increase renewable energy supply, reduce CO2 emissions and make the EU more energy-efficient. Concerns about security of supply have also led to a greater focus on improved energy relations with supplier countries, and new institutional structures are being put in place. How much progress has been made in the field of security, internal market and external energy policies? And in which of these areas has the EU already implemented a fully integrated policy? IEA Energy Policies Review: The European Union - 2008 addresses these questions and also analyses the impact of the most recent major EU policy measures, in particular the Energy & Climate Package of January 2008 and the 3rd Liberalisation Package of September 2007.
This book finds that both of these proposals are highly ambitious. But implementing them and reviewing both volume and allocation of energy R&D will be necessary to achieve a sustainable energy future in a fully competitive integrated EU energy market.
Governments in many OECD countries, as well as in a number of countries outside the OECD area, actively promote the production and use of alternative transport fuels made from agricultural commodities. This report, jointly produced by the OECD and the IEA and drawing on information from a number of other organisations, analyses the implications of this support from various perspectives. The report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities. It concludes that there are alternatives to current support policies for biofuels that would more effectively allow governments to achieve their objectives.
Cet ouvrage présente des données pour 2005 et 2006 sur l’approvisionnement et la consommation de charbon, de pétrole, de gaz, d’électricité, de chaleur, d’énergies renouvelables et de déchets sous forme de bilans énergétiques complets exprimés en tonnes d’équivalent pétrole pour plus de 100 pays ne faisant pas partie de l’OCDE. Les tableaux historiques présentent une synthèse des données sur la production, les échanges et la consommation finale ainsi que des principaux indicateurs économiques et énergétiques. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des définitions des produits et des flux, des notes explicatives sur les données de chaque pays, ainsi que les facteurs de conversion entre les unités d’origine et les unités énergétiques.
The International Energy Agency's annual detailed reference work on gas supply and demand covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world, this publication contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. This edition also includes a special report on the Development of Competitive Gas Trading in Continental Europe.
The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed supply and demand balance for each country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination.
Cet ouvrage présente des données pour 2005 et 2006 sur l’approvisionnement et la consommation énergétique, exprimées en unités d’origine pour le charbon, le pétrole, le gaz, l’électricité, la chaleur, les énergies renouvelables et les déchets pour plus de 100 pays ne faisant pas partie de l’OCDE. Les tableaux historiques présentent une synthèse des données sur la production, les échanges et la consommation finale. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des définitions des produits et des flux, ainsi que des notes explicatives sur les données de chaque pays. Dans l’édition 2008 des Bilans énergétiques des pays non membres, recueil publié parallèlement au présent document, les données sont présentées sous forme de bilans énergétiques complets exprimés en tonnes d’équivalent pétrole.
Un ouvrage de référence très complet sur l’évolution actuelle de l’offre et la demande de pétrole. La première partie de cette publication contient des données-clé relatives à la production et à la consommation mondiales ainsi qu’aux prix et aux échanges internationaux des principaux groupes de produits pétroliers; les séries historiques relatives à ces données remontent au début des années 1970.
La deuxième partie donne une image plus complète et plus détaillée de l’approvisionnement, de la demande, des échanges, de la production et de la consommation de pétrole par secteur d’activité pour chaque pays membre de l’OCDE ainsi que par région de l’OCDE. Les données relatives aux échanges internationaux sont détaillées par pays d’origine et de destination.
Electricity Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the OECD electricity sector, including 2007 preliminary data. Part I of the publication provides an overview of the world electricity developments in 2006, covering world electricity and heat production, input fuel mix, supply and consumption, and electricity imports and exports. Part II of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD electricity and heat market, as well as monthly OECD production and trade in electricity data for 2006 and 2007. Part III provides, in tabular form, detailed and comprehensive statistical coverage of the power and heat industry developments for each of the 30 OECD member countries and for OECD and IEA regional aggregates.
Coal Information is the International Energy Agency's comprehensive annual review of historical and current market trends int he world coal sector. It brings together essential statistics on coal and therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis.
Part I of the publication provides a review of the world coal market in 2007, while Part II provides a statistical overview of developments, which covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. Part III provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in the 30 OECD member countries, by region and individually. Part IV provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD coal producing and consuming countries.
Renewables Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in renewable and waste energy sources in OECD countries. Part I of the publication provides an overview of the development of renewables and waste in the world over the 1990 to 2006 period. A greater focus is given to OECD countries with a review of electricity generation and capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. Part II of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD renewables and waste market. Part III provides, in tabular form, for each of the 30 OECD member countries energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewables and waste.
Cet ouvrage présente des données sur l’approvisionnement et la consommation de charbon, de pétrole, de gaz, d'électricité, de chaleur, d’énergies renouvelables et de déchets sous forme de bilans énergétiques complets exprimés en millions de tonnes d’équivalent pétrole. Les données complètes sont disponibles pour les années 2005 et 2006 et pour la première fois dans cette édition, des estimations de l’approvisionnement sont aussi disponibles pour l’année précédente (c’est-à-dire 2007). Les tableaux historiques présentent une synthèse des données sur la production, les échanges et la consommation finale ainsi que des principaux indicateurs économiques et énergétiques. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des définitions des produits et des flux, des notes explicatives sur les données de certains pays, ainsi que les facteurs de conversion entre les unités d’origine et les unités énergétiques. Des données plus détaillées, exprimées en unités d’origine, sont publiées dans l’édition 2008 des Statistiques de l’énergie des pays de l’OCDE, recueil publié parallèlement au présent document.
Cet ouvrage présente des données sur l’approvisionnement et la consommation énergétique, exprimées en unités d'origine pour le charbon, le pétrole, le gaz, l'électricité, la chaleur, les énergies renouvelables et les déchets. Les données complètes sont disponibles pour les années 2005 et 2006 et pour la première fois dans cette édition, des estimations de l’approvisionnement sont aussi disponibles pour l’année précédente (c’est-à-dire 2007). Les tableaux historiques présentent une synthèse des données sur la production, les échanges et la consommation finale. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des définitions des produits et des flux, ainsi que des notes explicatives sur les données de chaque pays. Dans l’édition 2008 des Bilans énergétiques des pays de l’OCDE, recueil publié parallèlement au présent document, les données sont présentées sous forme de bilans énergétiques complets exprimés en millions de tonnes d’équivalent pétrole.
This second edition of Energy Technology Perspectives addresses these questions, drawing on the renowned expertise of the International Energy Agency and its energy technology network.
This publication responds to the G8 call on the IEA to provide guidance for decision makers on how to bridge the gap between what is happening and what needs to be done in order to build a clean, clever and competitive energy future.
The IEA analysis demonstrates that a more sustainable energy future is within our reach, and that technology is the key. Increased energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables, and nuclear power will all be important. We must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels with its consequent effects on energy security and the environment.
This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in an ambitious series of global scenarios to 2050. The study contains technology road maps for all key energy sectors, including electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 provides detailed technology and policy insights to help focus the discussion and debate in energy circles.
The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. This is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.