This report is the first OECD Environmental Performance Review of Israel. It examines progress made in the decade since 2000. Progress in achieving domestic objectives and international commitments provides the basis for assessing the country’s environmental performance. Such objectives and commitments may be broad aims, qualitative goals or quantitative targets. A distinction is made between intentions, actions and results. The assessment of environmental performance is also placed within the context of Israel’s historical environmental record, current state of the environment, physical endowment in natural resources, economic conditions and demographic trends.