In the last few years the government has promoted a more proactive approach to the development of environmental policy. This chapter examines Israel’s environmental governance, which has traditionally been characterised by a fragmented legislative framework, highly centralised management responsibilities and extensive land use planning. It reviews progress made in ensuring the coherence of environmental legislation and regulations and in involving local authorities in implementing environmental policies. It analyses the drivers of the improved level of compliance with environmental standards, as well as the effectiveness of Israel’s permitting and liability systems. Progress in promoting environmental democracy, through open access to information, improved public participation in the decision-making process and education, is also discussed.