This chapter addresses how value chains offer a path to economic development. Based on the findings from the 2013 OECD /WTO survey, it assesses the resonance that value chains have in the aid-for-trade priorities and strategies of partner countries, bilateral and multilateral donors, and providers of South-South trade-related co-operation. The analysis in this chapter of the agri-food, ICT, textiles and apparel, tourism, and transport and logistics value chains highlights that developing country suppliers are integral to these value chains – and that developing countries use their participation to achieve growth, employment and poverty reduction objectives. The responses to the OECD-WTO questionnaire highlight that there is much scope to improve these countries’ participation. Many developing countries pay a competitiveness penalty due to inefficient border procedures, high tariffs and non-tariff barriers that unnecessarily constrain trade in goods or services; restrictions on the flow of information; impediments to foreign direct investment (FDI); and restrictions on the movement of people. The challenge for developing countries is to design and implement broad strategies that tackle these key barriers to integration and upgrading in value chains.