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Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies examines the key factors that will determine the success of renewable energy policies and how current policies can be improved to encourage greater deployment of renewables. Responding to the Gleneagles G8 call for a clean and secure energy future, it highlights key policy tools to fast-track renewables into the mainstream. This analysis illustrates good practices by applying the combined metrics of effectiveness and efficiency to renewable energy policies in the electricity, heating and transport sectors. It highlights significant barriers to accelerating renewables penetration, and argues that the great potential of renewables can be exploited much more rapidly and to a much larger extent if good practices are adopted.
This paper presents internationally harmonised generic and technical terms used in chemical hazard/risk assessment which will help facilitate the mutual use and acceptance of the assessment of chemicals between countries, saving resources for both governments and industry.
This report sets out recommendations in the form of building blocks for effective CFC rules. The recommendations are designed to ensure that jurisdictions that choose to implement them, have rules that effectively prevent taxpayers from shifting income into foreign subsidiaries. The report sets out the following six building blocks for the design of effective CFC rules: (1) definition of a CFC, (2) CFC exemptions and threshold requirements, (3) definition of income, (4) computation of income, (5) attribution of income, and (6) prevention and elimination of double taxation. Because each country prioritises policy objectives differently, the recommendations provide flexibility to implement CFC rules that combat BEPS in a manner consistent with the policy objectives of the overall tax system and the international legal obligations of the country concerned.
Increasingly, countries are recognising the contribution social enterprises make to economic and inclusive growth and sustainable development. While some form of legislation on social enterprises exists in 16 EU countries, and explicit policies or strategies to boost their development exist in the other 11 EU countries, policy makers recognise that legislation can help address current shortcomings and facilitate future social enterprise development. Based on consultations with more than 80 experts, policy makers and stakeholders from 10 European countries, this manual explains the rationale behind legal frameworks for social enterprises, identifies the critical factors for legal framework design and recommends actions to ensure legislation fully meets the needs of social enterprises. It lays out the fundamental steps related to the life cycle of legal frameworks and provides options that policy makers can use in the design and implementation process.
Drawing from a wide array of case studies, this book analyses best-practice local strategies for increasing workforce skills. And it also takes a close look at the opportunities and challenges presented by international migration. The in-depth case studies in this report range from Shanghai’s “Highland of Talent Strategy” to new “career ladders” which help immigrants escape low-skilled, low-paid employment in New York. National and local-level recommendations on local skills development are provided, for both OECD and non-OECD countries.
Designing for Education: Compendium of Exemplary Educational Facilities 2011 showcases over 60 recently built or refurbished educational facilities from 28 countries. Collectively, these projects demonstrate state-of-the-art design in this field and each one is lavishly illustrated with colour photos, plans and descriptions.
The individual chapters – which are in higher resolution format – are available on the OECD iLibrary.
This book is a compilation devoted to high quality school and university buildings from 21 countries. Full-colour photographs and plans illustrate the 55 educational facilities selected by an international jury in recognition of their forward-looking response to the changing environment of teaching and learning. Readers will also find an overview of activities of the OECD Programme on Educational Building in the context of lifelong learning, carried out in collaboration with other organisations specialised in teaching, research and resource management.
This detailed background review paper provides a summary of the relevant literature (up to September 2001) relevant to the standardisation and validation of the rodent uterotrophic bioassay. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is being validated as part of the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is based on the principle that the uterus is under the control of oestrogens to stimulate and maintain growth. If endogenous sources of this hormone are not available, the
animal will require an exogenous source to initiate and/or restore uterine growth.
This detailed review document examines member country classification systems for eye irritation/corrosion.
This Detailed Review Document (DRD) presents an overview of classification systems/guidelines used in OECD Member countries relating to the mutagenicity of chemicals, based on responses to a questionnaire. Several OECD Member countries have implemented legislation, including classification systems and lists of mutagens; these countries include Canada, Japan and EU Member States. The United States has implemented mutagenicity risk assessment guidelines for determination of potential human germ cell mutagens. Several countries, including the Czech Republic, Norway and Switzerland, intend to apply the EU legislation in the near future. New Zealand is moving towards harmonization with Australia, with respect to establishing guidelines for mutagenicity assessment.
This detailed review document examines member country classification systems for reproductive toxicity.
This detailed review document examines member country classifications for sensitising substances.
This detailed review document examines member country classification systems for skin irritation/corrosion.
This detailed review document examines member country classifications systems for substances which pose an aspiration hazard.
This detailed review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which cause respiratorytract irritation and corrosion.
This review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases.
This document focuses on the health and environmental hazards of mixtures. The ILO/UNCETDG joint committee has elaborated criteria for classification of Physico-Chemical Hazards which are applicable to substances or mixtures. The classification of
mixtures for Physico-Chemical Hazards is not being dealt with separately. The final proposal for a harmonised system for the classification of mixtures will include the physical, the health and environmental hazards. In cases where existing systems have environmental criteria for mixtures they are included for information in an annex.
This detailed review document examines member country hazard classification systems for specific target organ systemic toxicity following single or repeated exposure.
This paper reviews what is known about the responses of molluscs to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), to consider whether it would be desirable and feasible to standardise mollusc-based partial- and full-lifecycle tests that are sensitive to EDCs and to other chemicals, and if so, to recommend suitable methods for optimisation and validation.