Malaisie
Les objectifs du programme de privatisation en Malaisie ont été clairement énoncés dès le départ mais, pendant les premières années, aucun plan d'ensemble n'a été prévu pour son exécution. Ainsi, les objectifs initiaux de la privatisation et les méthodes spécifiques appliquées ont-ils été choisis en fonction des besoins.
Après avoir décrit les diverses mesures et techniques de libéralisation et de privatisation appliquées à l'entreprise et en avoir fait l'analyse critique, s'attachant notamment à la privatisation de Port Kelang, l'auteur s'arrête sur quelques enseignements importants, par exemple : il faut du temps pour qu'un changement dans la législation prenne corps dans la réalité ; dans un programme de privatisation, il n'y a pas deux transactions semblables ; le secteur privé doit être prêt à jouer un rôle plus important ; les compétences d'experts sont la ressource la plus rare ; on sous-estime souvent l'importance de l'administration ; obtenir un consensus sur la mise en ...
Malaysia has returned to robust economic growth after the 1997 Asian fi nancial crisis. It enjoys some of the most favourable economic conditions in the WEI: GDP per capita (PPP$ 8 811) is third-highest in the group.
1991: Employees Provident Fund Act; allows pension plans/provident funds established prior to this Act to have approved fund status if they provide benefits at least as good as those of the mandatory Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and to be exempt from paying contributions to the EPF.
The situation for women in Malaysia is improving over time as the government continues to implement legal amendments designed to eliminate discrimination. Much of this progress can be attributed to increased access to education for women and greater awareness of their constitutional rights.
Malaysia ratified the UNCAC in September 2008. It has been a member of the APG since 2000. Malaysia is also a member of the International Association of Anti-Corruption Agencies and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Anti-Corruption and Transparency Experts Task Force. The Malaysian legal system is based primarily on English common law. Its criminal bribery offences have not been externally reviewed.
This publication reviews higher education and economic development in the State of Penang, Malaysia. It finds that Penang is one of Malaysia’s most industrial states. Its long-term economic growth has been based on manufacturing and foreign direct investments. Strong dependence on multinational corporations has brought growth and development but also an underdeveloped local industry, limited indigenous innovation and a lack of dynamic new entrepreneurship.
It examines how Penang could move up in the value chain, away from manufacturing to knowledge-driven economy and how it could capitalise on its diverse population, the co-existence of three cultures and the UNESCO cultural heritage site. It shows how Penang’s diverse tertiary education sector could be mobilised for regional and local development.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.
The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
Private sector employees and nonpensionable public sector employees contribute to the provident fund.
This chapter describes the corporate governance framework of Malaysia under the new concept of Growth with Governance master plan for capital market development. The goal of the plan is to promote economic growth and vibrancy of the market that is underpinned by an efficient corporate governance system. Following an overview of the corporate governance developments in Malaysia and Corporate Governance Blueprint that was published in 2011 by the Securities Commission, the chapter analyses the key challenges faced by the emerging markets in the area of corporate governance, such as heavy reliance on regulatory discipline, lack of corporate governance culture and complying with the bare minimum standards.
This edition of the Southeast Asian Economic Outlook examines medium-term growth prospects, recent macroeconomic policy challenges, and structural challenges including human capital, infrastructure and SME development. It also looks at economic disparities “between” and “within” countries in the region. It provides coverage for Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.
While solid growth is forecast to continue until 2017, countries must address structural issues in order to sustain this favourable outlook. Narrowing development gaps presents one of the region’s most important challenges.
An industrial sector based on the manufacture and export of the technology-based products of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has fuelled Malaysia’s rise to a middleincome country. Electronics, particularly semiconductors, account for 40% of exports, followed by automobiles and parts, and a burgeoning services sector features tourism as well as Islamic banking and finance. Among Southeast Asian countries, Malaysia generally ranks second after Singapore in economic competitiveness. Like Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines, Malaysia used foreign direct investment (FDI) and export-led manufacturing to emulate the success of the first wave of East Asian Tigers. Growth slowed, however, following the Asian economic crisis of 1997, and the slowdown persisted until the global financial crisis made matters worse. Currently Malaysia shows some signs of recovery, but there is still concern that the recovery may be difficult. MNEs in Malaysia mostly confine themselves to manufacturing and assembly activities. There is little research and development (R and D) or technology transfer and technical spillover from foreign to domestic firms. The country also suffers from a continuing shortage of skilled labour. Consequently, there is little innovativeness in the economy as a whole. Moreover, the domestic economy has seen declining private investment and stagnating productivity growth, coupled with a lack of competition in sectors such as services. This has led to fears that Malaysia is caught in a “middle-income trap” that can only be overcome by a stronger emphasis on innovation as a driver of economic growth. The Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011-15) and the New Economic Model (NEM) stress human capital development and improvements in innovation capacity. Substantial investments have been made in telecommunications infrastructure such as the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). The Plan emphasises the need to intensify research activities and outputs from universities and public research institutes, and to enhance their links with private companies in order to maximise commercialisation opportunities. Local content, R and D and technology transfer provisions for MNEs should be strengthened and incentives for firm training increased. The positive implications for growth of the NEM structural reform agenda are threatened by an increasing brain drain and the fiercely competitive regional environment for trade and foreign investment.
Ce jeu de données est issu de la base de données présentée dans les Perspectives Agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2013-2022. La table contient des projections du marché agricole et des principales denrées agricoles comme les céréales, les oléagineux, les produits laitiers, le coton, et d'autres. Sont incluses des données sur le commerce agricole en général, notamment sur la production, les prix, la balance commerciale, les stocks en fin de période, la consommation, la transformation, etc. Pour la plupart des marchés et denrées agricoles analysés dans les Perspectives Agricoles, les prix intérieurs et mondiaux sont aussi disponibles. La majeure partie des données remontent jusqu'en 1970 et couvrent jusqu'à la dernière année de projection (actuellement 2022).
This dataset stems from the database presented in the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2013-2022. The table contains projections on the agriculture market and commodities such as cereals, oilseeds, diary products, cotton and more. It includes statistics on the trade side including data on production, prices, trade balance, ending stocks, consumption, transformation, etc. For most of the commodity markets analysed in the Agricultural Outlook, domestic and international commodity prices are also available. In most cases the data go back to 1970 and cover up to the latest year of projection (currently 2022).