Panama

Ce document analyse les déterminants potentiels des taux d’approbation des gouvernements dans 18pays d’Amérique latine en utilisant les données de requête de recherche Internet de Google Trends et les sources de données traditionnelles. Il utilise des données de panel mensuelles entre janvier 2006 et décembre 2015. L’analyse teste plusieurs spécifications, y compris les variables explicatives traditionnelles d’approbation des gouvernements –i.e. inflation, taux de chômage, croissance du PIB, écart de production–et des variables explicatives subjectives (p.ex. Perception de la corruption et de l’insécurité). Pour ce dernier, les données des requêtes de recherche sur Internet sont utilisées pour cerner les principales préoccupations sociales des citoyens, qui sont les déterminants attendus des niveaux d’approbation des gouvernements. Les résultats montrent que la perception de la corruption et de l’insécurité ainsi que les plaintes concernant les services publics ont en effet une association statistiquement significative avec les taux d’approbation des gouvernements. Sources anonymes, les données des requêtes de recherche sur Internet mettent à disposition des gouvernements des séries haute fréquence en temps réel, utiles pour suivre l’impact dans le temps de l’élaboration des politiques sur la perception des citoyens.

To consolidate the high economic performance registered in the past decade and promote further inclusive development, better institutions and sustainable development are needed. This chapter first describes civic engagement and citizens’ trust in institutions. Second, it presents key aspects of public governance including the framework to plan, prioritise and implement policies in Panama. Third, it studies factors linked to medium- and long-term financial governance. Fourth, it focuses on the implementation of international transparency and exchange of information standards. Fifth, this chapter analyses policies towards further entrepreneurship and competition and better public-private partnerships. Sixth, it highlights the environmental sustainability in Panama, and finally it presents the main conclusions.

This chapter proposes a series of indicators for monitoring the implementation of the reforms proposed in the areas of skills and labour standards, regional development, and financing development. After presenting the methodology behind the scorecard, the chapter presents the objectives for each indicator that Panama should aim to achieve by 2025 and 2030.

Governments can use artificial intelligence (AI) to design better policies and make better and more targeted decisions, enhance communication and engagement with citizens, and improve the speed and quality of public services. The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is seeking to leverage the immense potential of AI to promote the digital transformation of the public sector. The OECD, in collaboration with CAF, Development Bank of Latin America, prepared this report to help national governments in the LAC region understand the current regional baseline of activities and capacities for AI in the public sector; to identify specific approaches and actions they can take to enhance their ability to use this emerging technology for efficient, effective and responsive governments; and to collaborate across borders in pursuit of a regional vision for AI in the public sector. This report incorporates a stocktaking of each country’s strategies and commitments around AI in the public sector, including their alignment with the OECD AI Principles. It also includes an analysis of efforts to build key governance capacities and put in place critical enablers for AI in the public sector. It concludes with a series of recommendations for governments in the LAC region.

This chapter explores how regional development can be a lever to help Panama continue on its growth trajectory and achieve more inclusive socio-economic outcomes. It discusses Panama’s current multi-level governance architecture, identifying where it should be strengthened to better support the design and implementation of regional development policy. In addition, it evaluates the need for a more strategic approach to regional development and greater capacity in subnational finance, institutional co‑ordination, and quality public service delivery, at all levels of government. A special focus is placed on Panama’s local authorities in light of specific resource challenges and the 2014 decentralisation reform. Finally, the chapter looks into what would be necessary to achieve a strategic shift towards a “place-based” policy approach for regional development, and provides recommendations for action.

This chapter analyses the governance of the digitalisation policies in the Panamanian public sector, based on the analytical framework provided by the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Digital Government Strategies and the experiences and practices of a number of OECD member and non-member countries. The chapter reviews the digital government strategy – Digital Agenda 2014-2019 Panama 4.0, considering its strategic lines and values, key actions and goals. It then focuses on the institutional framework in place to drive the digital transformation of the public sector, namely the mandate and role of the National Authority for Government Innovation (AIG). A third section looks at the mechanisms in place to coordinate public sector efforts and assure the enforcement and compliance of the policy across different sectors and levels of government. The last section focus on the legal and regulatory framework as a critical building block for a sound digital government policy.