Slovak Republic
This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Slovakia, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Slovakia; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Slovak healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Slovakia.
This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
Smaller, more targeted, and more flexible than traditional education and training programmes, micro-credentials have become a prominent feature of education, training and labour market policy discussions in recent years. Several OECD countries have already started the development of national micro-credential ecosystems, and many others are looking to follow suit.
This OECD Education Policy Perspective serves as Part B in a two-part series of summary papers. The first publication, Paper A, examined the evolving landscape of micro-credentials, with a particular focus on the development of public policies that can foster effective utilisation of micro-credentials for lifelong learning, upskilling and reskilling. This publication, Paper B, presents case studies from four European Union Member States – Finland, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Spain. The document was authored by Roza Gyorfi and Shizuka Kato from the OECD Higher Education Policy Team and Thomas Weko from George Washington University.
After decades of production, the Slovak Republic’s coal output has consistently decreased in recent years with 2021 production at 26% of year 2000 levels. Considering this, the country has been steadily shifting away from its domestic coal consumption and towards renewable energy (chiefly biofuels and waste) – this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. As oil and natural gas production in the country is negligible, the Slovak Republic’s demand for energy is met by imports, which prior to the February 2022 large scale aggression by Russia of Ukraine, was mainly sourced from the Russian Federation.
The Slovak Republic can legally issue the following two types of rulings within the scope of the transparency framework: (i) cross-border unilateral APAs and any other cross-border unilateral tax rulings (such as an advance tax ruling) covering transfer pricing or the application of transfer pricing principles and (ii) permanent establishment rulings.
This country profile reports benchmarks trends in entrepreneurship and self-employment by women, youth, seniors, immigrants and people with disabilities in the Slovak Republic against the European Union average. It also describes recent policy developments and current policy issues related to inclusive entrepreneurship.
In 2021, 23 000 new immigrants obtained a residence permit longer than 12 months in the Slovak Republic (excluding EU citizens), 52.2% more than in 2020. This figure comprises 75.2% labour migrants, 11.6% family members (including accompanying family), 10.5% who came for education reasons and 2.8% other migrants. In addition, the Slovak Republic received 1 600 immigrants benefitting from free mobility. Around 300 short-term permits were issued to international students and 4 200 to temporary and seasonal labour migrants (excluding intra-EU migration). In addition, 14 000 intra-EU postings were recorded in 2021, a ‑20% decrease compared to 2020. These posted workers are generally on short-term contracts.
En 2021, 23 000 nouveaux immigrés ont obtenu un permis de résidence de plus de 12 mois en République slovaque (à l’exclusion des citoyens de l’UE), soit 52.2 % de plus qu’en 2020. Ce chiffre comprend 75.2 % de migrants de travail, 11.6 % de membres de la famille (y compris la famille accompagnante), 10.5 % venus pour des raisons d’éducation et 2.8 % d’autres migrants. En outre, la République slovaque a accueilli 1 600 immigrants bénéficiant de la libre circulation. Environ 300 permis de courte durée ont été délivrés à des étudiants internationaux et 4 200 à des travailleurs migrants temporaires et saisonniers (à l’exclusion de la migration intra-UE). Par ailleurs, 14 000 détachements intra-UE ont été enregistrés en 2021, soit une baisse de ‑20 % par rapport à 2020. Ces travailleurs détachés ont généralement des contrats de courte durée.
This country note provides an overview of the key characteristics of the education system in the Slovak Republic. It draws on data from Education at a Glance 2023. In line with the thematic focus of this year’s Education at a Glance, it emphasises vocational education and training (VET), while also covering other parts of the education system. Data in this note are provided for the latest available year. Readers interested in the reference years for the data are referred to the corresponding tables in Education at a Glance 2023.