Malaisie
The Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India is a regular publication on regional economic growth, development and regional integration in Emerging Asia. It focuses on the economic conditions of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. It also addresses relevant economic issues in China and India to fully reflect economic developments in the region.The Outlook provides an update of macroeconomic trends and challenges, country-specific structural policy notes and a thematic focus which varies in each volume. The Update of the Outlook has been published since 2018, following the Special Supplements of 2016 and 2017 editions, to ensure that the projections, data and analysis remain current and useful.
Études économiques consacrées périodiquement par l'OCDE à l’économie de la Malaisie. Chaque étude analyse les grands enjeux auxquels le pays fait face. Elle examine les perspectives à court terme et présente des recommandations détaillées à l’intention des décideurs politiques. Des chapitres thématiques analysent des enjeux spécifiques. Les tableaux et graphiques contiennent un large éventail de données statistiques.
OECD’s periodic surveys of the Malaysian economy. Each edition surveys the major challenges faced by the country, evaluates the short-term outlook, and makes specific policy recommendations. Special chapters take a more detailed look at specific challenges. Extensive statistical information is included in charts and graphs.
GDP is projected to grow by 3.9% in 2024 and 4.8% in 2025. After a weak patch in late 2023, private consumption is expected to be robust due to continued improvements in the labour market, lower inflation, and government cash transfers. Investment is projected to continue to grow steadily, supported by multi‑year infrastructure projects. International tourist arrivals have returned to the pre-pandemic level, which will continue to sustain exports. However, weaker external demand for goods, could reduce export prospects.
La croissance du PIB devrait s’établir à 3.9 % en 2024, puis à 4.8 % en 2025. Après un passage à vide à la fin de 2023, la consommation privée devrait être vigoureuse à la faveur d’une poursuite de l’embellie sur le marché du travail, d’un recul de l’inflation et de transferts monétaires réalisés par les pouvoirs publics. L’investissement devrait continuer à croître régulièrement, porté par des projets d’infrastructure pluriannuels. Les arrivées de touristes internationaux ont renoué avec les niveaux d’avant la pandémie, ce qui continuera à soutenir les exportations. Toutefois, la baisse de la demande extérieure de biens pourrait peser sur les perspectives d’exportations.
Malaysia is primarily exposed to floods, droughts, landslides, severe haze episodes associated with fires, and tsunamis (Chan, 2015[1]). It is classified as facing the 36th-highest disaster risk by the WorldRiskIndex 2023. The country lies close to the equator and beyond from the Pacific Ring of Fire, leaving it relatively less exposed to both tropical storms and hazards associated with geotectonic risks (earthquakes and volcanic eruptions) than other countries within that region (Chan, 2015[1]; Mohamed Shaluf and Ahmadun, 2006[2]). However, smaller earthquakes and storms do occur and have the potential to cause damage. Between 2000 and 2022, 74 disasters triggered by natural hazards led to almost 500 deaths, affected more than 3.3 million people and caused USD 4.3 billion in economic damage (CRED, 2024[3]).
The Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India is a regular publication on regional economic growth and development in Emerging Asia – Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam, as well as China and India. It comprises three parts: a regional economic monitor, a thematic chapter addressing a major issue facing the region, and a series of country notes.
The 2024 edition discusses the region’s macroeconomic challenges such as external headwinds, impacts of El Niño and elevated levels of private debt. The thematic chapter focuses on strategies to cope with more frequent disasters. Emerging Asia is among the world’s most disaster-prone regions, and the threat of disasters, such as floods, storms, earthquakes and droughts, is increasing. The report explores how countries can reduce disaster risks and improve resilience by developing a comprehensive approach involving policy measures such as improving governance and institutional capacity, ensuring adequate budgets and broadening financing options, strengthening disaster-related education, improving land planning, investing in disaster-resilient infrastructure and disaster-related technology, improving health responses, and facilitating the role of the private sector.
Alors que les catastrophes augmentent dans le monde entier en raison du changement climatique, les pays d’Asie et du Pacifique font face à un risque accru d’inondations. Or ces pays manquent souvent des infrastructures nécessaires pour s’y préparer et y répondre efficacement. Là où des mesures de protection contre les inondations existent, elles reposent le plus souvent uniquement sur des infrastructures grises ou lourdes qui sont de plus en plus contestées. Les solutions fondées sur la nature (SFN) proposent une nouvelle approche de la gestion des inondations, dont les co-bénéfices vont au-delà de la réduction des risques. Les décideurs de la région l’ont bien compris, mais ils font face à plusieurs défis, notamment l’absence d’une définition claire et commune et de lignes directrices, ainsi que des problèmes de financement. L’impératif croissant de l’adaptation climatique exige une combinaison de solutions complémentaires, innovantes et tournées vers l’avenir, telles qu’une approche intégrant à la fois les SFN et les infrastructures grises.
What are the structural barriers to women's empowerment and inclusive development in Southeast Asia? Building on data from the fifth edition of the SIGI, the SIGI 2024 Regional Report for Southeast Asia: Time to Care provides new evidence-based analysis on the progress and setbacks in eliminating the root causes of gender inequality in 11 countries of the region. It underscores how multiple personal status laws perpetuate gender-based legal discrimination. The analysis also shows that social norms governing gender roles and responsibilities worsened between 2014 and 2022, particularly affecting women’s educational and economic rights.
The report explores a critical policy area for the region, the care economy. Stressing the gendered, informal, and unpaid dimensions of care, it draws on social, demographic, educational and economic evidence to forecast a growing demand for care services in Southeast Asian countries. The report advocates for the strategic development of formal care systems as a unique opportunity to accelerate women's economic empowerment, build inclusive societies and strengthen the region's resilience to external shocks – including those induced by climate change. To dismantle the barriers that prevent the emergence and expansion of such a formal care economy, it provides concrete recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders.
The SIGI 2023 profile for Malaysia provides a comprehensive overview of the state of gender equality in the country, as measured by the OECD’s Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI). The full SIGI Country Profile for Malaysia is available at: OECD Development Centre (2023), “Malaysia SIGI Country Profile”, SIGI 2023 Country Profiles, OECD, https://oe.cd/sigi-dashboard. The fifth edition of the SIGI, released in 2023, assesses 140 countries based on the level of gender-based discrimination in their social institutions. These discriminatory social institutions encompass both formal and informal laws, as well as social norms and practices that restrict women’s and girls’ access to rights, justice, empowerment opportunities and resources, thereby undermining their agency and authority.
Over the years, there have been various initiatives implemented to enhance the MSME financing ecosystem in Malaysia. Access to finance is a critical enabler for MSMEs to start operations, invest and grow, withstand shocks, transition to the sustainable and digital economy and participate in the supply chains. In 2022, total financing outstanding and approvals to support MSME relief and recovery exceeded that of 2021. MSME outstanding loans stood at RM 355 billion in 2022 compared to RM 320 billion in 2021. While the share of MSME lending in proportion to business loans has risen to reach 48% in 2022 from 45% in 2021. Banking institutions remain the main source of financing for MSMEs, providing more than 90% of total financing.