Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important means of economic and financial integration of economies. The Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the international standards for the compilation of FDI statistics. Internationally comparable FDI statistics are an important input into economic and financial analysis and policymaking.
This edition of the Benchmark Definition introduces new and revised indicators to enhance the analytical usefulness of FDI statistics, such as the classification of FDI by purpose of investment (e.g., greenfield investment, extension of capacity, mergers and acquisitions, and corporate and financial restructuring); identification of the ultimate investor economy and ultimate host economy; and the separate identification of pass-through funds. It also includes detailed guidance and numerical examples to support statistical offices in the compilation and communication of FDI statistics.
The concepts, definitions, and recommendations in the Benchmark Definition are consistent with other macroeconomic statistics manuals, notably the Integrated Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Seventh Edition (BPM7) the 2025 System of National Accounts (2025 SNA).
