This chapter presents the need for a national urban policy framework in Poland and addresses the main policy challenges urban areas are facing. The chapter starts by describing the current strategic framework for regional and urban development strategies and key policy documents in national administration. It also investigates the gaps between the framework in place and urban development needs, the potential role and objectives of a national urban policy, as well as sectoral reforms that can address urban areas’ main challenges. In particular, the chapter highlights urban policies that can enhance competitiveness while addressing inequality, increase the availability of affordable housing, and improve land-use planning.