Research and Development Expenditures

OECD

doi:https://doi.org/10.1787/reg_glance-2009-5-en

OECD Regions at a Glance 2009

Well over one-third of the total economic output of OECD countries was generated by just 10% of OECD regions in 2005. This means the performance of regional economies and the effectiveness of regional policy matter more than ever. OECD Regions at a Glance is the one-stop guide for understanding regional competitiveness and performance, providing comparative statistical information at the sub-national level, graphs and maps. It identifies new ways that regions can increase their capacity to exploit local factors, mobilise resources and link with other regions. Measuring such factors as education levels, employment opportunities and intensity of knowledge-based activities, this publication offers a statistical snapshot of how life is lived – and can be improved – from region to region in the OECD area.

This third edition provides the latest comparable data and trends across regions in OECD countries, including a special focus on the spatial dimension for innovation. It relies on the OECD Regional database, the most comprehensive set of statistics at the sub-national level on demography, economic and labour market performance, education, healthcare, environmental outputs and knowledge-based activities comparable among the OECD countries. This publication provides a dynamic link (StatLink) for each graph and map, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel®.

English Also available in: French

https://doi.org/10.1787/reg_glance-2009-en

Chapter

Research and Development Expenditures

Expenditures in research and development (R&D) are a common proxy for interpreting a region’s attitude toward innovation activities. They are defined as the R&D-related expenditures performed by actors within a region. According to the Frascati Manual, 2002, R&D is defined as a “creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications”. In 2005, R&D intensity (R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP) was on average, about 2.3% in OECD countries. The intensity of expenditures in R&D varies significantly among OECD countries. Sweden is the country spending the most followed by Finland, Japan and Korea. Mexico, the Slovak Republic, Poland, and Turkey had the lowest R&D intensity. Finland and Iceland are the countries that between 1995 and 2005 increased the most their R&D intensity (over 60%)

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English Also available in: French

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