OECD Regions at a Glance 2009
This third edition provides the latest comparable data and trends across regions in OECD countries, including a special focus on the spatial dimension for innovation. It relies on the OECD Regional database, the most comprehensive set of statistics at the sub-national level on demography, economic and labour market performance, education, healthcare, environmental outputs and knowledge-based activities comparable among the OECD countries. This publication provides a dynamic link (StatLink) for each graph and map, which directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel®.
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Research and Development Expenditures
Expenditures in research and development (R&D) are a common proxy for interpreting a region’s attitude toward innovation activities. They are defined as the R&D-related expenditures performed by actors within a region. According to the Frascati Manual, 2002, R&D is defined as a “creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications”. In 2005, R&D intensity (R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP) was on average, about 2.3% in OECD countries. The intensity of expenditures in R&D varies significantly among OECD countries. Sweden is the country spending the most followed by Finland, Japan and Korea. Mexico, the Slovak Republic, Poland, and Turkey had the lowest R&D intensity. Finland and Iceland are the countries that between 1995 and 2005 increased the most their R&D intensity (over 60%)
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