This chapter considers the role of higher education institutions in regional human capital systems and in building “learning regions”. It presents several examples from OECD countries highlighting the different roles that the higher education institutions play in this domain. First, higher education institutions can widen access to higher education, particularly from remote areas and/or communities with low traditions of participation in higher education e.g. through lifelong and e-learning activities. Second, they can improve the balance between labour market supply and demand through creating improved labour market intelligence, enhancing the links with the employers and supporting new enterprising. Third, higher education institutions can attract talent to the region and help retain it.