Growing economic and political integration worldwide has increased the sensitivity of employment in one country or region to changes in demand in other countries or regions. The OECD’s Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database enables researchers to derive experimental indicators that reveal how annual changes in OECD employment can be decomposed to account for changes in final demand for goods and services across different countries and regions.

The notion of jobs embodied in final demand attempts to capture the average number or share of jobs engaged in producing output that satisfied demand for final goods and services. Final demand figures for both domestic and foreign part include Household consumption, General government final expenditure, Gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisition of valuables. The changes in inventories by definition may be negative, therefore jobs embodied in final demand may become negative in some specific sectors