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  • 08 Nov 2017
  • OECD
  • Pages: 82

The OECD's Task Force on Tax Crimes and Other Crimes (TFTC) has a mandate to improve co-operation between tax and law enforcement agencies, including anti-corruption and anti-money laundering authorities, to counter financial crimes more effectively. The TFTC's work is carried out in connection with the OECD's Oslo Dialogue, a whole of government approach to tackling tax crimes and other financial crimes.

Fighting Tax Crime The Ten Global Principles sets out the 10 essential principles for effectively fighting tax crimes. It covers the legal, institutional, administrative, and operational aspects necessary for putting in place an efficient system for fighting tax crimes and other financial crimes. It draws on the insights and experience of jurisdictions around the world.

The purpose is to allow jurisdictions to benchmark their legal and operational framework, and identify areas where improvements can be made. Future work in this area will include adding country specific details, covering a wide range of countries.

German, French

First published in 2017, Fighting Tax Crime - The Ten Global Principles is the first comprehensive guide to fighting tax crimes. It sets out ten essential principles covering the legal, institutional, administrative, and operational aspects necessary for developing an efficient and effective system for identifying, investigating and prosecuting tax crimes, while respecting the rights of accused taxpayers.

This second edition addresses new challenges, such as tackling professionals who enable tax and white-collar crimes, and fostering international co-operation in the recovery of assets. Drawing on the experiences of jurisdictions in all continents, the report also highlights successful cases relating to the misuse of virtual assets, complex investigations involving joint task forces, and the use of new technology tools to fight tax crimes and other financial crimes.

The Ten Global Principles are an essential element of the OECD’s Oslo Dialogue, a whole-of-government approach for fighting tax crimes and illicit financial flows.

Alongside the policy document, the second edition is joined by 33 country chapters, detailing jurisdictions’ domestic tax crime enforcement frameworks as well as the progress made in implementing the Ten Global Principles. These chapters are available separately online.

Ukrainian, Spanish, French
  • 22 Apr 1999
  • OECD Development Centre
  • Pages: 248
 

This collection of experiences of fiscal decentralisation across a wide range of OECD-Member and non-member economies reveals lessons which are equally of relevance to both groups of countries. A major finding is that fiscal decentralisation is often confused in the latter group of countries with the removal of central-government control over subnational finances. This is a mistake; it may lead to fiscal irresponsibility on the part of local authorities, deteriorating fiscal positions at both levels, and high costs due to duplication of fiscal institutions. The book also finds that insufficient attention has been given to local revenue generation, as opposed to intergovernmental transfers.
The issue of fiscal decentralisation in emerging economies is particularly important, because it arises, in part, from a desire to enhance democracy and local accountability. However, the devolution of responsibilities must take place in an atmosphere of transparency, where the local expertise exists to manage budgeting. Serious consideration must be given to revenue sourcing and effective expenditure control. Finally, local spending must match available revenues without becoming an additional strain on central government resources.

French
  • 16 Jan 2002
  • OECD
  • Pages: 64

The relationship between different levels of government is one that is continually under review. Policy-makers ensure the expenditure and revenue functions of each tier of government with a view to balancing efficiency, equity and democratic considerations. Over the last decade, the tendency in a number of countries has been to decentralise both expenditure and revenue functions to lower levels of government. Greater autonomy in raising revenues has been given to intermediate and local levels of government.
Setting up of local fiscal systems and intergovernmental financial relations involves multiple and often conflicting economic and political objectives. Practically, it is one of the most complex reform processes in the area of public finance and one that is permanently on the political agenda of both OECD countries and economies in transition. Yet there is no international, comparative set of information available to support this process. The international comparable statistics on revenue of local autonomy and the design of national fiscal control are either lacking or insufficient.
This study summarises the overall substantial and methodological framework of a project on fiscal design, which has been carried with the OECD. The results and comparative findings of the OECD Fiscal Design surveys are reported too. The surveys took place in six countries in Central and Eastern Europe: three OECD Member countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, and the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

French
  • 02 Dec 2013
  • OECD
  • Pages: 136

This book offers an overview on recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and sub-central government. Accessible chapters provide: insight into how sub-central governments are managing ongoing consolidation, as well as how fiscal decentralisation fosters economic growth and educational attainment; a balanced account of the virtues and limits of tax competition between jurisdictions; an overview of fiscal equalisation policy; and some fascinating background information about past tax and public service reforms.

  • 20 Jun 2016
  • OECD, Korea Institute of Public Finance
  • Pages: 152

Fiscal Federalism 2016 surveys recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and sub-central government. Accessible and easy-to read chapters provide insight: into growing spending and tax devolution; the fiscal constitutions of federal countries; how immovable property taxation is regaining its former significance; on the true spending power of sub central governments; on the mix between own tax resources and intergovernmental grants; and on the role of fiscal rules and good budget frameworks for sustainable debt management at the state and local level.

  • 20 Dec 2021
  • OECD
  • Pages: 288

Fiscal Federalism 2022 surveys recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and subnational government. Accessible and easy-to-read chapters provide insight into: good practices in fiscal federalism; the design of fiscal equalisation systems; measuring subnational tax and spending autonomy; promoting public sector performance across levels of government; digitalisation challenges and opportunities; the role of subnational accounting and insolvency frameworks; funding and financing of local government public investment; and early lessons from the COVID-19 crisis for intergovernmental fiscal relations.

  • 13 Nov 2007
  • OECD
  • Pages: 174

Policy makers in OECD countries are concerned about whether they can maintain their current levels of corporate income tax revenues and how they can create an attractive investment climate for domestic and foreign investors. This report presents the recent trends in the taxation of corporate income in OECD countries and discusses the main drivers of corporate income tax reform and evaluates the gains of fundamental corporate tax reform. The corporate tax-induced distortions are discussed from a domestic and international tax point of view. This study also considers tax revenue and tax complexity issues. The book also explains a series of alternative systems that might be implemented.

  • 31 May 2006
  • OECD
  • Pages: 140
In a drive to encourage risk-taking, entrepreneurship and competitive fiscal advantage, many OECD countries have reformed their personal income tax system fundamentally over the last two decades, generally in ways that can be characterised as rate reducing and base broadening.  This comprehensive study examines the general trends in the taxation of capital and wage income, and the most significant changes that have taken place. It looks closely at the main drivers of reform, the trade-offs between policy objectives, the guidelines, objectives and design features of tax reforms and why fundamental reform of personal income tax systems has been so high on the agenda.

The principal systems of taxes on personal capital income and wage income - comprehensive, dual and flat – are thoroughly examined and evaluated in the OECD countries that have adopted these different systems or a mix thereof.  They are each assessed in terms of the fundamental principles of sound tax policy: simplification, efficiency, equity, tax compliance and tax revenue, and their main advantages and disadvantages are discussed.  

French

El cumplimiento fiscal voluntario generalizado desempeña un papel importante en los esfuerzos de los países por recaudar los ingresos necesarios para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Como parte de este proceso, los gobiernos se esfuerzan cada vez más por enseñar, comunicar y ayudar a los contribuyentes – actuales y futuros –con el objetivo de fomentar una cultura de moral tributaria general basada en derechos y responsabilidades, en la que los ciudadanos vean el pago de impuestos como un aspecto esencial de la relación con su gobierno. Esta atención de los gobiernos hacia la educación tributaria y asistencia al contribuyente tiende un puente entre la administración tributaria y los ciudadanos la cual, si se lleva a cabo de forma adecuada, puede ser una herramienta clave para transformar la cultura fiscal.

Basándose en análisis anteriores de la OCDE, este informe pretende ayudar a las autoridades tributarias a diseñar y poner en marcha iniciativas de educación cívico-tributaria. Este nuevo informe analiza 140 iniciativas que se están llevando a cabo en 59 países desarrollados y en desarrollo, proponiendo una tipología para clasificar los diferentes enfoques de la educación cívico-tributaria e identificando los obstáculos y soluciones comunes a todas ellas. En términos más generales, este informe contribuye al trabajo más amplio de la OCDE sobre la moral tributaria y pretende fomentar más investigaciones, debates e iniciativas, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, en aras de comprender mejor – y, en última instancia, reforzar la moral tributaria y el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales por parte de los contribuyentes.

French, English
  • 14 Jul 2015
  • OECD, The International and Ibero-American Foundation for Administration and Public Policies
  • Pages: 216

Este libro recoge las estrategias innovadoras en 28 países con el fin de ofrecer ideas e inspiración a las autoridades fiscales en los países en desarrollo con respecto a la educación de los contribuyentes y la divulgación para fortalecer la moral tributaria y el cumplimiento fiscal de sus ciudadanos. Los gobiernos se están esforzando más que nunca para movilizar una mayor recaudación tributaria a nivel nacional. Para ello, están llegando cada vez más a informar y comprometer generaciones de contribuyentes (de hoy - y futuras). El objetivo es fomentar una "cultura de cumplimiento" global basado en los derechos y responsabilidades, en el que los ciudadanos ven el pago de impuestos como un aspecto integral de su relación con su gobierno. En este contexto, la educación del contribuyente se convierte en el puente que une a la administración tributaria y los ciudadanos. Las autoridades fiscales son conscientes de que es muy difícil cambiar la cultura tributaria sin educación a una edad temprana o sin ciudadanos que abrazan voluntariamente el pago de impuestos. Estos esfuerzos son, en su mayor parte, bastante nuevo. La mayoría de los programas de educación de los contribuyentes, especialmente en América Latina y África, fueron creados durante la última década. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta corta historia, la educación del contribuyente cada vez mas se incluyó entre las líneas de negocio estratégicas de las administraciones tributarias.

English, French

El Foro Global sobre Transparencia e Intercambio de Información con Fines Tributarios es el marco multilateral dentro del cual más de 100 jurisdicciones trabajan en el área de transparencia tributaria e intercambio de información, a la vez que participan del Foro Global en igualdad de condiciones.
El Foro Global tiene a su cargo la vigilancia exhaustiva y la evaluación de pares de la puesta en práctica de los estándares internacionales de transparencia e intercambio de información con fines tributarios. Estos estándares se encuentran refl ejados principalmente en el Modelo de Acuerdo sobre Intercambio de Información de la OCDE del año 2002 y su comentario, y en el Artículo 26 del Modelo de Convenio Tributario de la OCDE sobre la Renta y el Capital y su comentario actualizado en el 2004. Estos estándares han sido también incorporados al Modelo de Convenio Tributario de la ONU.
Los estándares prevén el intercambio internacional a solicitud de la información que sea previsiblemente relevante para la administración o aplicación de la legislación tributaria interna de una Parte solicitante. Las solicitudes masivas de información (“fishing expeditions”, expediciones exploratorias) no están autorizadas; no obstante se deberá brindar toda información que sea previsiblemente relevante, incluyendo la información bancaria y la información en poder de fiduciarios, independientemente de la existencia de un interés tributario nacional o la aplicación de un principio de doble incriminación.
Todos los miembros del Foro Global, así como las jurisdicciones identificadas por el Foro Global como relevantes para su trabajo, están siendo evaluados. Este proceso se realiza en dos fases. La revisión de la Fase 1 evalúa la calidad del marco legal y normativo de una jurisdicción para el intercambio de información, mientras que la revisión de la Fase 2 observa la implementación práctica de ese marco. Algunos miembros del Foro Global se someten a revisiones combinadas (Fase 1 y Fase 2). El Foro Global estableció también un proceso de informes suplementarios con el fin de poner en práctica las recomendaciones, como así también para la supervisión permanente de las jurisdicciones luego de la conclusión de una revisión. El objetivo primordial es ayudar a las jurisdicciones a que apliquen con eficacia los estándares internacionales de transparencia e intercambio de información con fines tributarios.
Todos los informes de revisión son publicados una vez aprobados por el Foro Global.

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