Total expenditure on health measures the final consumption of health goods and services plus capital investment in health care infrastructure. It includes both public and private spending on personal health care and collective health services (public health and prevention programmes and administration). Excluded are health-related expenditures such as training, research and environmental health. The data is presented as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP). To compare health care expenditures across time, it is deflated by a national price index and converted to US dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.