Joining Forces for Gender Equality
What is Holding us Back?
OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors – from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment – in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers’ involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion.
Also available in: French
Women at work in OECD countries
This chapter reviews women’s employment across the OECD. It starts with a discussion of trends in gender employment gaps over the past two decades. It then analyses the characteristics of the jobs that women are employed in, focussing on the incidence of part-time employment, and sectoral and occupational patterns of employment. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of the digital transformation of labour markets in OECD countries.
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