Overall net migration remained negative (30 100 persons) in 2014, though the number is slightly more favourable than in 2012 and 2013 (37 300 and 36 200, respectively). A continuous decline in foreign immigration began in 2009, reflecting the impact of the economic crisis. The crisis saw a rise in -Portuguese labour emigration after 2008, reaching 53 800 long-term emigrants in 2013 but falling to 49 600 in 2014. If short-term emigrants are included the total outflow continued the increase, from 128 100 in 2013 to 134 600 in 2014, of which 93% are of working age (15-64 years old). This is a level similar to that during the intense Portuguese emigration cycle to Europe of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Two-thirds go to EU27 destinations and around 96% of emigrants are Portuguese citizens. Although 70% of the emigrants are male, the proportion of women is growing, both in permanent and temporary outflows, being much more educated than men: the bulk of female emigrants are highly qualified (48%), against a -preponderance of low educated male emigrants (above 61%).