In 2014, both immigration and emigration flows increased, resulting in a net emigration of 2 100 persons. Net emigration of Bulgarians (-14 300) was not fully compensated by a net immigration of foreigners (+12 200). However, these figures – based on registered changes of permanent residence – may underestimate the true scale of migration flows. The number of foreigners entering (of whom nine in ten were non-EU citizens) increased from 13 900 to 17 100 between 2013 and 2014, while emigration flows increased by 33% to 4 900. The top three origin countries of foreign immigrants were Turkey (predominantly students), Syria (mainly asylum seekers) and the Russian Federation. Emigration of Bulgarian citizens rose by nearly 50% to 23 900. This flow is primarily labour migration of short and medium duration.