Health system financing arrangements can be broadly classified according to their compulsory or voluntary nature, providing coverage against the cost of health care by purchasing health care services. In some countries, health care might be predominantly financed through government schemes by which individuals are automatically entitled to care based on their residency. In other cases, compulsory health insurance schemes (either through public or private entities) linked to the payment of social contributions or health insurance premiums finance the bulk of health spending. In addition to these, a varying proportion of health care spending consists households’ out-of-pocket payments – either as standalone payments or as part of co-payment arrangements – as well as various forms of voluntary payment schemes such as voluntary health insurance. In the LAC region, substantial fragmentation in health systems often leads to coexisting financing schemes and in some cases, overlap (see Chapter 2). Most standard models of public financing exist in the region (Lorenzoni et al., 2019[1]).