Health at a Glance: Europe 2016
State of Health in the EU Cycle
This fourth edition of Health at a Glance: Europe presents key indicators of health and health systems in the 28 EU countries, 5 candidate countries to the EU and 3 EFTA countries. This 2016 edition contains two main new features: two thematic chapters analyse the links between population health and labour market outcomes, and the important challenge of strengthening primary care systems in European countries; and a new chapter on the resilience, efficiency and sustainability of health systems in Europe, in order to align the content of this publication more closely with the 2014 European Commission Communication on effective, accessible and resilient health systems. This publication is the result of a renewed collaboration between the OECD and the European Commission under the broader "State of Health in the EU" initiative, designed to support EU member states in their evidence-based policy making.
Smoking among children
Smoking in adolescence has both immediate and long-term health consequences. Children who establish smoking habits early on increase their risk of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory illnesses and cancer (Currie et al., 2012). Daily cigarette smoking in adolescence is associated with an increase in likelihood of diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorders (USDHHS, 2012). Young smokers experience lower physical fitness in terms of performance and endurance, with reduced lung growth and higher resting heart rates. They are also more likely to experiment with alcohol and other drugs. One of the most significant effects of adolescent smoking is nicotine addiction, which keeps young smokers smoking longer, increasing their risk of adverse health effects.
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