Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD - ISSN 2075-2288 - © OECD 2019
| | Country statistical profile: Turkey 2019 | |||||||||
| | ||||||||||
| | | Unit | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| | Production and income | |||||||||
| | GDP per capita | USD current PPPs | 19 445 | 20 473 | 22 205 | 23 983 | 25 728 | 26 330 | 28 190 | 28 384 |
| | Gross national income (GNI) per capita | USD current PPPs | .. | .. | ||||||
| | Household disposable income | Annual growth % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Economic growth | |||||||||
| | Real GDP growth | Annual growth % | 11.1 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 7.5 | 2.8 |
| | Net saving rate in household disposable income | % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Gross fixed capital formation | Annual growth % | 23.8 | 2.7 | 13.8 | 5.1 | 9.3 | 2.2 | 8.2 | -0.6 |
| | Economic structure: share of real value added | |||||||||
| | Agriculture, forestry, fishing | % | 9.4 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.5 |
| | Industry including energy | % | 22.5 | 21.9 | 22.4 | 22.7 | 22.4 | 22.3 | 23.3 | 24.9 |
| | Construction | % | 8.2 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 8.0 |
| | Trade, repairs, transport, accomm., food services | % | 24.5 | 25.0 | 24.9 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 25.1 | 26.1 |
| | Information, communication | % | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
| | Finance and insurance | % | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.4 |
| | Real estate | % | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 7.6 |
| | Professional, scientific, support services | % | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
| | Public admin., defence, education, health, social work | % | 12.5 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 12.9 |
| | Other services (ISIC Rev.4 R - U) | % | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| | Government deficits and debt | |||||||||
| | Government deficit | % of GDP | -0.7 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | -1.1 | -2.8 | .. |
| | General government debt | % of GDP | 43.9 | 41.2 | 34.5 | 33.4 | 32.8 | 34.6 | 35.1 | .. |
| | General government revenues | % of GDP | 32.8 | 33.3 | 33.0 | 32.3 | 32.6 | 33.0 | 31.4 | .. |
| | General government expenditures | % of GDP | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure | |||||||||
| | Government/compulsory expenditure on health | % of GDP | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | |
| | Voluntary expenditure on health | % of GDP | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| | Public social expenditure | % of GDP | 11.9 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | .. | .. |
| | Private social expenditure | % of GDP | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. | .. |
| | Public pension expenditure | % of GDP | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.7 | .. | .. |
| | Private pension expenditure | % of GDP | 0.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Net official development assistance (Aid) | % of GNI | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.76 | 0.95 | .. |
| | Taxes | |||||||||
| | Total tax revenue | % of GDP | 25.9 | 24.9 | 25.3 | 24.6 | 25.1 | 25.3 | 24.9 | .. |
| | Tax on personal income | % of GDP | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | .. |
| | Tax on corporate profits | % of GDP | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.7 | .. |
| | Taxes on goods and services | % of GDP | 11.7 | 11.2 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 10.8 | .. |
| | Taxes on the average worker | % of labour cost | 37.0 | 37.1 | 37.4 | 38.1 | 38.2 | 38.2 | 39.0 | 38.9 |
| | Trade | |||||||||
| | Imports of goods and services | % of GDP | 30.4 | 28.6 | 28.1 | 27.6 | 26.0 | 24.9 | 29.3 | 30.6 |
| | Exports of goods and services | % of GDP | 22.3 | 23.7 | 22.3 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.0 | 24.8 | 29.5 |
| | Goods trade balance: exports minus imports of goods | Bln USD | -89.2 | -65.4 | -79.9 | -63.6 | -48.1 | -40.9 | -59.0 | -41.9 |
| | Imports of goods | Bln USD | 231.6 | 227.3 | 241.7 | 232.5 | 200.1 | 191.1 | 225.1 | 216.5 |
| | Exports of goods | Bln USD | 142.4 | 161.9 | 161.8 | 168.9 | 152.0 | 150.2 | 166.2 | 174.6 |
| | Service trade balance: exports minus imports of services | Bln USD | 20.3 | 22.6 | 23.7 | 26.8 | 24.2 | 15.3 | 20.1 | 25.9 |
| | Imports of services | Bln USD | 20.6 | 20.6 | 24.5 | 25.1 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 24.1 | 23.0 |
| | Exports of services | Bln USD | 40.9 | 43.2 | 48.2 | 51.9 | 47.0 | 37.8 | 44.1 | 48.9 |
| | Current account balance of payments | % of GDP | -8.9 | -5.5 | -6.7 | -4.7 | -3.7 | -3.8 | -5.5 | -3.1 |
| | Foreign direct investment (FDI) | |||||||||
| | Outward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 27 652 | 30 936 | 33 318 | 39 458 | 35 546 | 38 397 | 45 534 | 44 449 |
| | Inward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 136 606 | 190 125 | 151 832 | 183 679 | 158 867 | 149 752 | 197 375 | 147 107 |
| | Inflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 16 136 | 13 743 | 13 565 | 12 973 | 18 903 | 13 707 | 11 478 | 12 966 |
| | Outflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 2 330 | 4 106 | 3 536 | 6 681 | 4 812 | 2 892 | 2 634 | 3 606 |
| | Prices and interest rates | |||||||||
| | Inflation rate: all items | Annual growth % | 6.5 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 11.1 | 16.3 |
| | Inflation rate: all items non food non energy | Annual growth % | 5.9 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 15.3 |
| | Inflation rate: food | Annual growth % | 6.2 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 12.6 | 11.1 | 5.8 | 12.7 | 18.0 |
| | Inflation rate: energy | Annual growth % | 9.9 | 13.9 | 7.5 | 2.5 | -1.9 | 2.7 | 10.5 | 19.3 |
| | Producer Price Indices (PPI): manufacturing | Annual growth % | 13.3 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 11.4 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 17.5 | 26.6 |
| | Long-term interest rates | % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Purchasing power and exchange rates | |||||||||
| | Purchasing power parities | TRY per USD | 0.97 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 1.25 | 1.37 | 1.61 |
| | Exchange rates | TRY per USD | 1.67 | 1.80 | 1.90 | 2.19 | 2.72 | 3.02 | 3.65 | 4.83 |
| | Indices of price levels | OECD=100 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 52 | 48 | 47 | 43 | 38 |
| | Energy supply and prices | |||||||||
| | Total primary energy supply (TPES) | Mtoe | 112.5 | 117.8 | 115.0 | 119.1 | 128.8 | 136.7 | 146.8 | 145.9 |
| | TPES per unit of GDP at 2000 prices and PPPs | Toe per '000 USD | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| | Renewable energy | Ktoe | 11 222.8 | 12 155.0 | 13 087.3 | 12 060.1 | 15 645.1 | 17 135.3 | 17 989.2 | .. |
| | Crude oil import prices | USD per barrel | 109.81 | 111.70 | 108.37 | 99.71 | 51.42 | 41.28 | 52.01 | 71.16 |
| | Information and Communications Technology (ICT) | |||||||||
| | Households with access to computers | % | .. | 50.2 | 49.8 | .. | 50.6 | .. | 50.0 | .. |
| | Households with access to internet | % | .. | 47.2 | 49.1 | 60.2 | 69.5 | 76.3 | 80.7 | 83.8 |
| | Environment | |||||||||
| | Water abstactions | Mln m3 | .. | .. | 53 713 | .. | .. | |||
| | National fish landings in domestic ports | '000 tonnes | 478 | 396 | 339 | 266 | 398 | 302 | 322 | .. |
| | National fish landings in foreign ports | '000 tonnes | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Aquaculture | '000 tonnes | 250 | .. | .. | |||||
| | Municipal waste total | '000 tonnes | 30 862 | 30 786 | 30 920 | 31 230 | 31 283 | 33 763 | .. | |
| | Municipal waste total per capita | Kg | 413 | 405 | 400 | 398 | 392 | 416 | .. | |
| | CO2emissions from fuel combustion | Mln tonnes | 287 | 298 | 285 | 307 | 319 | 339 | .. | .. |
| | Education | |||||||||
| | Tertiary attainment in population aged 25-64 | % | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| | Expenditure per student: primary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 2 608 | 3 083 | 3 367 | 4 047 | 4 134 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: secondary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | .. | 2 921 | 3 118 | 3 315 | 3 511 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: tertiary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | 11 819 | 10 116 | 10 298 | 10 393 | 8 901 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Youths 15-19 not in education nor employment | % | 24.8 | .. | 22.2 | 21.0 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 15.5 | 15.3 |
| | Youths 20-24 not in education nor employment | % | 39.6 | .. | 35.9 | 36.3 | 33.2 | 32.9 | 32.9 | 31.2 |
| | Employment | |||||||||
| | Employment rate in population aged 15-24 | % | 32.0 | 31.5 | 33.5 | 34.1 | 34.1 | 34.4 | 35.0 | |
| | Employment rate in population aged 25-54 | % | 57.5 | 58.3 | 58.8 | 59.6 | 60.1 | 61.2 | 61.4 | |
| | Employment rate in population aged 55-64 | % | 31.3 | 31.9 | 31.4 | 31.8 | 33.4 | 34.4 | 35.3 | |
| | Incidence of part-time employment | % | 11.7 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.9 |
| | Self-employment rate: total employment | % | 38.3 | 37.1 | 33.9 | 32.9 | 32.4 | 32.7 | 32.0 | |
| | Self-employment rate: male employment | % | 34.2 | 33.5 | 31.5 | 30.6 | 30.6 | 31.0 | 30.8 | |
| | Self-employment rate: female employment | % | 48.4 | 45.7 | 39.8 | 38.2 | 36.5 | 36.6 | 34.6 | |
| | Unemployment | |||||||||
| | Unemployment rate: total labour force | % | 8.8 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | |
| | Unemployment rate: male labour force | % | 8.3 | 7.6 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.5 | |
| | Unemployment rate: female labour force | % | 10.1 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 13.9 | 13.8 | |
| | Long-term unemployment: total unemployed | % | 26.5 | 24.9 | 24.4 | 20.6 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 21.9 | 22.4 |
| | Labour compensation and hours worked | |||||||||
| | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | Annual growth % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Average time worked per person in employment | Hours per year | 1 864 | 1 855 | 1 832 | 1 832 | 1 832 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Research and Development (R&D) | |||||||||
| | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | Mln USD | 11 202 | 12 212 | 13 027 | 14 413 | 15 658 | 17 314 | 18 925 | .. |
| | Researchers: full-time equivalent | Per '000 employed | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.0 | .. |
| | Population | |||||||||
| | Total population | '000 persons | 74 224 | 75 176 | 76 055 | 76 903 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Population growth rates | % | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Total fertitity rates | Children | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | .. |
| | Youth population aged less than 15 | % of population | 25.4 | 25.1 | 24.7 | 24.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Elderly population aged 65 and over | % of population | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | International migration | |||||||||
| | Foreign-born population | % of population | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Foreign population | % of population | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born men | % of labour force | 8.4 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 9.7 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born men | % of labour force | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born women | % of labour force | 10.2 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 14.0 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born women | % of labour force | 13.6 | 12.6 | 11.9 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 14.3 |
| | Health | |||||||||
| | Life expectancy at birth | Years | 74.6 | 74.6 | 78.0 | 78.0 | 78.0 | 78.1 | .. | |
| | Life expectancy at birth: men | Years | 72.0 | 72.0 | 75.3 | 75.3 | 75.3 | 75.3 | .. | |
| | Life expectancy at birth: women | Years | 77.1 | 77.2 | 80.7 | 80.7 | 80.7 | 80.8 | .. | |
| | Infant mortality | Per '000 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 9.2 | .. |
| | Overweight or obese, % of population aged 15 and over | Measured | 55.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 64.4 | .. |
| | Suicide Rates | Per 100 000 persons | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.6 | .. | .. |
| | Transport | |||||||||
| | Goods transport | Mln tonne-km | 259 453 | 265 226 | 261 981 | 263 590 | 307 317 | 317 483 | 327 703 | 319 630 |
| | Passenger transport | Mln passenger-km | 249 387 | 265 235 | 274 403 | 283 474 | 299 060 | 308 681 | 323 199 | 338 301 |
| | Road Fatalities | Per mln inhabitants | 52 | 50 | 49 | 46 | 92 | 92 | .. | |
| Last updated: 29 October 2019; disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer | ||||||||||
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Break in series | ||||||||||
Estimated value | ||||||||||
| Source: OECD Data (data.oecd.org). | ||||||||||