Annex C. Statistical resources on SME and entrepreneurship finance
Information on SME financing is often sparse and anecdotal in nature, hindering evidence-based policy making in this area. Moreover, difference in methodologies and definitions of available data on this issue vary significantly across countries, limiting the usefulness and reliability of international comparisons. The OECD can serve as a clearinghouse for national and multilateral efforts to improve the knowledge base on SME finance, by fostering international dialogue on this issue, and collecting and diffusing information on statistical resources. The list below represents a first step in this direction, providing links to relevant sources of information on SME and entrepreneurship finance, both for participating countries and at the international level.
Survey-based evidence, on both the demand and the supply side, represents a crucial area where harmonisation is urgently needed in terms of their design and implementation. Information gathered from surveys complement the quantitative data, mostly collected from supply-side sources, and improve the understanding of business financing needs. Survey data are particularly useful for assessing credit conditions when relevant data are not easily accessible or produced in a timely manner.
For those reasons, a large number of supply-side and demand-side surveys are conducted at the national level by government agencies, national statistical offices, central banks and, in some cases, business associations and private organisations. However, at present, there is little standardisation across countries in terms of the timing, the sample population, the sampling method, the interview method, and the questions asked. To address this issue, governments are encouraged to increase co-operative efforts between public and private institutions in order to increase coverage and comparability of results of different surveys covering the same phenomenon. The ECB/EC’s survey on SME access to finance uses a standardised methodology and provides a good example of the benefits that can come from standardised definitions and methodology across countries.
At the national level:
Australia
Australian Bureau of Statistics, Small Business Data, http://abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/ABS+small+business+data.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015), Venture Capital and Later Stage Private Equity, Australia, http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/5678.0Main+Features12013-14?OpenDocument.
APRA (2015), Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, Monthly Banking Statistic, www.apra.gov.au/adi/Publications/Pages/monthly-banking-statistics.aspx.
DIFA (2015), Debtor and Invoice Finance Association, Statistical Profile, http://difa.asn.au/statistical-profile/.
Austria
Austrian Institute for SME Research (2016), “Bilanzdatenbank,” www.kmuforschung.ac.at/index.php/de/bilanzdatenbank.
Austrian National Bank (2016) “Financial Stability Report 31”, www.oenb.at/en/Publications/Financial-Market/Financial-Stability-Report/2016/financial-stability-report-31.html.
Austrian National Bank (2016) “Bank Lending Survey” series, www.oenb.at/en/Monetary-Policy/Surveys/Bank-Lending-Survey.html.
Statistics Austria (2016) “Leistungs- und Strukturstatstik”, www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/wirtschaft/produktion_und_bauwesen/leistungs_und_strukturdaten/index.html.
Belgium
Belgian leasing association, Online statistics, www.blv-abl.be/fr.
FPS Economy, Statistics Belgium, http://statbel.fgov.be/en/statistics/figures/.
Brazil
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (preliminary data, Q4 2015) www.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/indicadores/pib/pib-vol-val_201504_3.shtm.
Canada
Bank of Canada, Senior Loan Officer Survey, www.bankofcanada.ca/publications-research/periodicals/slos/.
Statistics Canada, Biannual Survey of Suppliers of Business Financing, www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/061.nsf/eng/h_01569.html.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, Credit Conditions Survey, www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/061.nsf/eng/h_02192.html.
Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/061.nsf/eng/h_02774.html.
PayNet Inc., Canadian Business Delinquency Index, www.paynetonline.ca/SmallBusinessInsights/CanadianBusinessDelinquencyIndex.aspx.
Chile
Empresas de factoring Chile, Factoring Statistics, http://empresasdefactoring.cl/?page_id=288.
Chilean Central Bank, Encuesta de Crédito Bancario statistics (Quarterly Survey on Credit Approval Standards and Demand), www.bcentral.cl/es/faces/estadisticas/EnCoyunturales/CredBancario.
Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo, Encuestas de Emprendimiento y Empresas (Longitudinal Survey of Firms), www.economia.gob.cl/estudios-y-encuestas/encuestas/encuestas-de-emprendimiento-y-empresas.
China, People’s Republic of
China Institute for Small and Medium Enterprises of Zhejiang University of Technology (2016), “Demand-side survey on Chinese SME financing conditions in 2015”.
Financial Affairs of Wenzhou Municipal People’s Government (2015), “Monitoring of Wenzhou Private Finance Index”, www.wzpfi.gov.cn.
The National Bureau of Statistics (2016) “China Economic Census Yearbook 2013”, Beijing: China Statistics Press, www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2015/indexeh.htm.
The People’s Bank of China, China Financial Institute, “Almanac of China’s Finance and Banking in 2015”, Beijing: China’s Finance and banking Almanac Press, http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbCode=CYFD&dbName=CYFDLM_total&File Name=N2016060192000001&filetitle=.
Yincan consulting company (2016), “National Report on Crowdfunding Industry in 2015”, www.yingcanzixun.com/news/baogao/424.html.
Colombia
Asobancaria (2015). Reporte de Bancarización – Informe trimestral: Cifras a Diciembre de 2015, www.asobancaria.com/portal/pls/portal/docs/1/4484750.PDF.
National Association of Financial Institutions – ANIF (2015). La Gran Encuesta Pyme: Informe de resultados 1er semestre de 2015, http://anif.co/sites/default/files/uploads/GEP%20 NACIONAL%20I-2015.pdf.
Czech Republic
Czech National Bank, “Financial Stability Report 2015/2016”, www.cnb.cz/en/financial_ stability/fs_reports/fsr_2015-2016/index.html.
Czech National Bank, “Bank Lending Survey” series, www.cnb.cz/en/bank_lending_survey/index.html.
Denmark
Danmarks Nationalbank – “Lending Survey”, www.nationalbanken.dk/en/statistics/find_ statistics/Pages/Danmarks-Nationalbank’s-lending-survey.aspx.
Statistics Denmark – Small and Medium-sized Companies’ Access to Finance, 2014, www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/Publikationer/VisPub?cid=24799.
Danish Federation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises – Analysis on business cycles April 2016, https://hvr.dk/politik/analyser/konjunkturanalyser.aspx.
DI – Analysis on Danish Financial Conditions, April 2016, http://di.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Opinion/Konjunktur/Finansieringsklimaet%20marts%202016%20pdf%20til%20hj.siden%20 06.04.2016.pdf.
Estonia
Eesti Pank, database, September 2016, www.eestipank.ee.
Estonian Institute of Economic Research database, www.ki.ee.
Statistics Estonia, September 2016, online database, www.stat.ee.
Estonian Venture Capital Association, Estonian Private Equity & Venture Capital Industry Review, www.estvca.ee/data-and-publications.
Finland
Bank of Finland, Finnish MFI new business on euro-denominated loans to euro area non-financial corporations by sector, www.suomenpankki.fi/en/tilastot/tase_ja_korko/Pages/tilastot_rahalaitosten_lainat_talletukset_ja_korot_lainat_lainat_sektoreittain_en.aspx.
Bank of Finland, Finnish MFI new business on euro-denominated loans to euro area non-financial corporations by loan amount, www.suomenpankki.fi/en/tilastot/tase_ja_korko/Pages/tilastot_rahalaitosten_lainat_talletukset_ja_korot_lainat_lainat_uudet_sopimukset_ yrityksille_en.aspx.
Bank of Finland, Finnish MFI euro-denominated loans to euro area non-financial corporations, by maturity, www.suomenpankki.fi/en/tilastot/tase_ja_korko/Pages/tilastot_rahalaitosten_ lainat_talletukset_ja_korot_lainat_lainat_maturiteeteittain_en.aspx.
The Financial Supervisory Authority, Nonperforming assets and impairment losses by sector and industrial category, www.finanssivalvonta.fi/en/Statistics/Credit_market/Nonperforming_assets_by_sector/Pages/Default.aspx.
Bank of Finland, Finnish MFI euro-denominated loans to euro area non-financial corporations, by collateral, www.suomenpankki.fi/en/tilastot/tase_ja_korko/Pages/lainat-vakuuden-mukaan.aspx.
Statistics Finland, Financial leasing acquisitions and rents of lessors by lessee sector, http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__rah__rlea/010_rlea_tau_101.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=19d7f090-4a7e-4b0a-90b7-176cd65b81e7.
France
AFIC (2016), “Activité des acteurs francais du capital-investissement en 2015”, www.afic. asso.fr/fr/etudes-statistiques/les-statistiques-du-capital-investissement/activite.html.
ASF (2016), Association des sociétés financières, les statistiques de l’affacturage, www.asf-france.com/statistiques/Activiteadherents/201512-Activite-affacturage.pdf.
Banque de France, “Quarterly survey on the access to bank financing of companies in France”, www.banque-france.fr/en/economics-statistics/stats-info/detail/access-to-bank-financing-for-companies.html.
Médiateur du Crédit (2015), “Rapport d’activité de la Médiation du crédit aux entreprises au 31 décembre 2015”, available at www.mediateurducredit.fr/site/Actualites/.
Rapport annuel de l’observatoire des PME, www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/var/storage/rapports-publics/134000083/0000.pdf.
Georgia
National Statistics Office of Georgia (GEOSTAT) – Business Register Statistics, http://geostat. ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=230&lang=eng.
National Bank of Georgia, Statistical data, www.nbg.gov.ge/index.php?m=304.
Greece
Bank of Greece, Governor’s Annual Report, www.bankofgreece.gr/Pages/en/Publications/GovReport.aspx?Filter_By=8.
Bank of Greece, Statistics, Monetary and Banking Statistics (including the Bank Lending Survey), www.bankofgreece.gr/Pages/en/Statistics/monetary/default.aspx.
Hellenic Statistical Authority, Bankruptcy Statistics 2004-2014, Press release, July 2016.
IME GSEVEE Survey – February 2016 – Biannual representation of economic climate in small enterprises, www.imegsevee.gr/pressrelease/1085-ime-gsevee-survey-february-2016--biannual-representation-of-economic-climate-in-small-enterprises-.
Hungary
Magyar Nemzeti Bank, “Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices”, www.mnb.hu/en/financial-stability/publications/lending-survey.
Magyar Nemzeti Bank, “Trends in Lending”, www.mnb.hu/en/financial-stability/publications/trends-in-lending.
Ireland
Central Statistics office (CSO), Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-bii/businessinirelandabridged2012/smallandmedium enterprises/.
Department of Finance, SME Credit Demand Survey October 2015-April 2016, www.redc research.ie/1558-2/.
Israel
Israel Venture Capital Research Centre, www.ivc-online.com/Research-Center/IVC-Publications/IVC-Surveys/High-Tech-Capital-Raising.
Italy
Bank of Italy (2016c), Bank Lending Survey, Rome, www.bancaditalia.it/statistiche/tematiche/moneta-intermediari-finanza/intermediari-finanziari/indagine-credito-bancario/index.html.
Bank of Italy (2016d), Survey of Industrial and Service Firms, Rome, www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/indagine-imprese/index.html.
Cerved, Monitor of Bankruptcies, Insolvency Proceedings and Business Closures, https://know.cerved.com/en/study-and-analysis/monitor-bankruptcies-insolvency-proceedings-and-business-closures-2q-2016.
Cerved, Monitor of Company Payments and Non-Payment Protests, https://know.cerved.com/en/study-and-analysis/monitor-company-payments-and-non-payment-protests-2q-2016.
Japan
Bank of Japan (2016), “Financial and Economic Statistics Monthly”, www.boj.or.jp/en/statistics/pub/sk/index.htm/.
Bank of Japan (2016), “Loans and Bills Discounted by Sector”,www.boj.or.jp/en/statistics/dl/loan/ldo/index.htm/.
Bank of Japan (2016), “Financial System Report”, www.boj.or.jp/en/statistics/dl/loan/ldo/index.htm/.
Financial Services Agency (2016), “Status of Non-Performing Loans”, www.fsa.go.jp/en/regulated/npl/index.html.
National Central Society of Credit Cooperatives (2016), “Figures of Credit Cooperatives”, www.shinyokumiai.or.jp/keisu.html (Japanese).
Tokyo Shoko Research, Ltd. (2016), “State of Corporate Bankruptcies”, www.tsr-net.co.jp/news/status/.
Venture Enterprise Center, Japan (2015), “VEC YEARBOOK 2015 – Annual Report on Japanese Startup Businesses 2015”, www.vec.or.jp/category/vec_release/vec_whitepaper_dt3/?backone=1&paged=1.
Venture Enterprise Center, Japan (2016), “VEC Venture News – Preliminary Report on Survey on Venture Capital Investment Trends in FY2015”, www.vec.or.jp/wordpress/wp-content/files/20160810_21_VEC_H28_No25_.pdf (Japanese).
Japan Leasing Association (2016), “Lease Statistics”, www.leasing.or.jp/english/statistics/toukei.html.
Korea
Bank of Korea, “Economic Statistics System”, http://ecos.bok.or.kr/flex/EasySearch_e.jsp.
Financial Supervisory Service, “Monthly Financial Statistics Bulletin”, http://efisis.fss.or.kr/fss/fsi/id/fssview04_en.jsp.
Korea Venture Capital Association, “VCfirm Summary”, http://ediva.kvca.or.kr/main/index.jsp.
Small and Medium Business Administration (SMBA), “Statistics DB Search”, http://stat2. smba.go.kr/index.jsp.
Luxembourg
Chambre de Commerce (2015), RAPPORT ANNUEL 2015, www.cc.lu/uploads/media/CC_RA_ 2015.pdf.
STATEC National Institute of statistics and economic studies of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, “Table B3000 Emploi salarié intérieur par branche d’activité 1995-2016”, www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx.
STATEC National Institute of statistics and economic studies of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, “Faillites prononcées par les tribunaux de commerce”, www.statistiques. public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=13310&IF_Language=fra&MainTheme= 4&FldrName=1&RFPath=10835,13847.
Malaysia
SME Corporation Malaysia (SME Corp.) (2016), “SME Annual Report 2015/16”, www.smecorp. gov.my/index.php/en/resources/2015-12-21-11-07-06/sme-annual-report.
Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) (2014), “Economic Census 2011 – Profile of Small & Medium Enterprise”, www.statistics.gov.my/.
Credit Guarantee Corporation Malaysia Berhad (CGC), “Annual Report 2015”, www.cgc.com. my/publications/.
The Netherlands
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Statistics Netherlands), Number of banktruptcies, http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=82242NED&D1=0&D2=2-3&D3=492,509,526,543,560,577&HDR=T,G2&STB=G1&VW=T.
De Nederlandsche Bank (Dutch Central Bank), Loans to SMEs, www.dnb.nl/en/statistics/statistics-dnb/financial-institutions/banks/domestic-mfi-statistics-monetary/index.jsp.
Douw and Koren (2016), Crowdfunding in Nederland, 2015, www.douwenkoren.nl/#!Rapport-Crowdfunding-in-Nederland-2015/c1etu/5686c2830cf21caddb9d6551.
NVP (Dutch private equity and venture capital association) (2015), 2007-2014 Annual results, an trend reports are available at www.nvp.nl/pagina/verantwoording%20en%20archief/.
New Zealand
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment factsheet “Small Businesses in New Zealand”, May 2016, www.mbie.govt.nz/info-services/business/business-growth-agenda/sectors-reports-series/pdf-image-library/the-small-business-sector-report-and-factsheet/small-business-factsheet-2016.pdf.
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Insolvency and Trustee Service statistics, www.insolvency.govt.nz/cms/site-tools/about-us/statistics.
New Zealand Private Equity and Venture Capital Association Inc., “New Zealand Private Equity and Venture Capital Monitor 2016”, www.nzvca.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/1629333_NZPEVC-Monitor_2015-full-year-review_WEB_v3.pdf.
Statistics New Zealand, “Business Operations Survey: 2015”, www.stats.govt.nz/browse_ for_stats/businesses/business_growth_and_innovation/BusinessOperationsSurvey_ HOTP2015.aspx.
Statistics New Zealand, “Business Demography Statistics: at February 2015”, www.stats. govt.nz/browse_for_stats/businesses/business_characteristics/BusinessDemography Statistics_HOTPFeb15.aspx.
Norway
Statistics Norway, Enterprise statistics, www.ssb.no/en/virksomheter-foretak-og-regnskap/statistikker/foretak.
Statistics Norway, Accounting statistics for non-financial limited companies, www.ssb.no/en/virksomheter-foretak-og-regnskap/statistikker/regnno.
Statistics Norway, Bankruptcies, www.ssb.no/en/virksomheter-foretak-og-regnskap/statistikker/konkurs.
Portugal
Banco de Portugal, “Boletim Estatístico, November 2016” series, www.bportugal.pt/sites/default/files/anexos/pdf-boletim/benov16_2.pdf.
Statistics Portugal (2016), Empresas em Portugal 2014, www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE &xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=210758098&PUBLICACOESmodo=2.
Slovak Republic
Annual reports on the state of SMEs in the Slovak Republic (Slovak Business Agency), www.sbagency.sk/en/state-of-small-and-medium-entreprises.
SMEs’ Access to Finance Survey, Survey on the access to finance of enterprises 2015 (European Commission/European Central Bank), http://ec.europa.eu/growth/access-to-finance/data-surveys_en.
Survey on the use of external forms of funding, 2015 (Slovak Business Agency), www.sb agency.sk/sites/default/files/analyza_financovania_msp-priloha2.pdf.
EOS Survey “European Payment Practices” 2015, www.eos-solutions.com/media/studies/eos-survey-european-payment-practices-2015/.
Credit, bankruptcy and restructuring statistics provided by CRIF – Slovak Credit Bureau, www.crif.sk/Novinky/Novinky/Documents/TS_CRIF_SK_Konkurzy%20a%20restrukturalizacie %20v%20roku%202015.pdf.
Slovenia
Bank of Slovenia – Financial Stability Review. www.bsi.si/en/publications.asp?MapaId=784.
Spain
Banco de España. “Interest rate statistics”. Statistical Bulletin, www.bde.es/webbde/en/estadis/infoest/bolest19.html.
Bank of Spain, Encuesta sobre préstamos Bancarios en Espana, www.bde.es/webbde/es/estadis/infoest/htmls/articulo_epb.pdf.
Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV), www.cnmv.es/DocPortal/Publicaciones/Boletin/Boletin_CNMV_III_2015_ENen.pdf.
Instituto de Crédito oficial (ICO), Annual reports, www.ico.es/en_GB/web/ico_en/annual-report.
Sweden
Almi (2016a), Indicator on borrowing, Q2, 2016, www.almi.se/Images/Huvudkontoret/Om %20Almi/Unders%c3%b6kningar/L%c3%a5neindikator%20Q2,%202016.pdf.
Almi (2016b), Annual report 2015, www.almi.se/Images/Huvudkontoret/Om%20Almi/Finansiell%20information/Almis%20%c3%a5rsredovisning%202015.pdf.
European Central Bank (2016a), Bank interest rates – loans to corporations of up to EUR 1M with a floating rate and an IRF period of up to one year (new business) – Sweden: http://sdw.ecb.europa.eu/quickview.do,jsessionid=F33952BCEB8201F6360FAF1D9540B4C0? SERIES_KEY=124.MIR.M.SE.B.A2A.F.R.0.2240.SEK.N.
European Central Bank (2016b), Bank interest rates – loans to corporations of over EUR 1M with a floating rate and an IRF period of up to one year (new business) – Sweden, http://sdw.ecb.europa.eu/quickview.do?SERIES_KEY=124.MIR.M.SE.B.A2A.F.R.1.2240.SEK.N.
Finansinspektionen (2015), Grassroots Funding in Sweden – a survey, http://fi.se/upload/43_ Utredningar/20_Rapporter/2015/grasrotsfinansiering_151215.pdf.
Switzerland
Swiss National Bank – Monthly Bulletin of Banking Statistics, www.snb.ch/en/iabout/stat/statpub/bstamon/stats/bstamon.
Swiss National Bank – most recent survey releases, www.snb.ch/en/iabout/stat/collect/id/statpub_coll_aktuelles.
Turkey
TOBB, The Union of Chambers and Commodity exchanges of Turkey, Company Establishment and Liquidation Statistics, www.tobb.org.tr/BilgiErisimMudurlugu/Sayfalar/Eng/Kurulan KapananSirketistatistikleri.php.
United Kingdom
Asset Based Finance Association, Industry Statistics, www.abfa.org.uk/news/statistics.asp.
Bank of England – Credit Conditions Survey, www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/other/monetary/creditconditions.htm.
BDRC Continental, “SME Finance Monitor”, www.sme-finance-monitor.co.uk/.
British Bankers’ Association, SME statistics, www.bba.org.uk/news/statistics/.
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) – SME data portal, http://bis.ecgroup. net/Publications/EnterpriseBusinessSupport/EnterpriseSmallBusiness.aspx.
Enterprise Investment Scheme and Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme, April 2016, Statistics on Companies raising funds, www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/519345/April_2016_Commentary_EIS_SEIS_Official_Statistics.pdf.
Small Business Equity Investment Tracker 2016, available at http://british-business-bank.co. uk/research/equity-tracker-2016/.
United States
Federal Reserve Board – Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/snloansurvey/.
Federal Reserve Board – Survey of Terms of Business Lending, www.federalreserve.gov/releases/e2/current/.
US Census Bureau – Business Dynamics Statistics, www.census.gov/ces/dataproducts/bds/index.html.
US Department of the Treasury – Monthly Bank Lending and Intermediation Snapshot, www.treasury.gov/initiatives/financial-stability/results/cpp/snapshot/Pages/default.aspx.
At the international level:
EU Federation Factoring and Commercial Finance, Facts and Figures, http://euf.eu.com/facts-and-figures.html.
European Commission and European Central Bank, Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises (SAFE), http://ec.europa.eu/growth/access-to-finance/data-surveys/safe/index_ en.htm.
Factors Chain International, Statistics, https://fci.nl/en/about-factoring/statistics.
Intrum Justitia, European Payment Index, www.intrum.com/press-and-publications/european-payment-report/.
Invest Europe, European Private Equity Activity Data 2007-2015, www.investeurope.eu/research/activity-data/annual-activity-statistics/.
Leaseurope Statistics, www.leaseurope.org/index.php?page=stats-surveys.