This Survey is published on the responsibility of the Economic and Development Review Committee (EDRC) of the OECD, which is charged with the examination of the economic situation of member countries.

The economic situation and policies of Finland were reviewed by the Committee on 3 December 2015. The draft report was then revised in the light of the discussions and given final approval as the agreed report of the whole Committee on 23 December 2015.

The Secretariat’s draft report was prepared for the Committee by Christophe André and Jon Pareliussen, with contributions from Thomas Chalaux, under the supervision of Vincent Koen. Secretarial assistance was provided by Mercedes Burgos.

The previous Survey of Finland was issued in February 2014.

Information about the latest as well as previous Surveys and more information about how Surveys are prepared is available at www.oecd.org/eco/surveys.

  
Basic statistics of Finland, 2014
(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD)

LAND AND PEOPLE

Population (millions)

5.5

Population density per km²

18.0

(34.9)

Under 15 (%)

16.3

(18.1)

Life expectancy (years, 2013)

80.8

(80.5)

Over 65 (%)

19.8

(16.0)

Men

78.1

(77.8)

Foreign-born (%, 2013)

5.6

(11.6)

Women

83.7

(83.1)

Latest 5-year average growth (%)

0.5

(0.6)

Latest general election

19th April 2015

ECONOMY

Gross domestic product

Value added shares (%)

In current prices (billion USD)

270.7

Primary

2.8

(2.6)

Latest 5-year average growth (%)

0.5

(1.9)

Industry including construction

26.0

(26.5)

Per capita (thousand USD PPP)

39.8

(39.0)

Services

71.2

(71.0)

GENERAL GOVERNMENT

Expenditure (% of GDP)

58.3

(41.9)

General government gross debt (% of GDP)

71.4

(112.1)

Revenue (% of GDP)

54.9

(37.8)

General government net debt (% of GDP)

-54.0

(69.0)

EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS

Exchange rate (EUR per USD)

0.75

Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)

PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)

0.94

Machinery and transport equipment

28.8

In per cent of GDP

Manufactured goods

27.8

Exports of goods and services

37.9

(28.5)

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials

10.8

Imports of goods and services

38.7

(28.6)

Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)

Current account balance

-0.9

(0.0)

Machinery and transport equipment

27.2

Balance of income

0.5

(0.7)

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials

19.2

Net transfers

-1.2

(-0.8)

Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.

11.0

LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION

Employment rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)

68.9

(65.7)

Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (15-64 year-olds, %)

8.7

(7.5)

Men

69.8

(73.6)

Youth (age 15-24, %)

19.3

(15.0)

Women

67.9

(57.9)

Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, % of unemployed)

25.2

(35.3)

Participation rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)

75.5

(71.2)

Tertiary educational attainment 25-64 year-olds (%, 2012)

33.1

(33.3)

Average hours worked per year

1 645.0

(1 770)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2012)

3.6

(2.4)

ENVIRONMENT

Total primary energy supply per capita (toe)

6.3

(4.2)

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2012)

9.0

(9.7)

Renewables (% of TPES)

29.6

(8.8)

Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2013)

0.5

(0.5)

Fine particulate matter concentration (urban, PM10, μg/m3, 2011)

12.0

(28.0)

SOCIETY

Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2012)

0.26

(0.31)

Education outcomes (PISA score, 2012)

Relative poverty rate (2012)

6.5

(10.9)

Reading

525.0

(496)

Public and private spending (% of GDP)

Mathematics

519

(494)

Health care, current expenditure (2013)

8.6

(9.0)

Science

546.0

(501)

Education (primary, secondary, post sec. non tert., 2012)

3.9

(3.7)

Share of women in parliement

42.5

(26.0)

Pensions (2011)

10.3

(7.9)

Net official devolpment aid (% of GNI)

0.6

(0.39)

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from the databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, World Bank and World Health Organisation.