This Survey is published on the responsibility of the Economic and Development Review Committee of the OECD, which is charged with the examination of the economic situation of member countries.

The economic situation and policies of the Spain were reviewed by the Committee on 19 January 2017. The draft report was then revised in the light of the discussions and given final approval as the agreed report of the whole Committee on 30 January 2017.

The Secretariat’s draft report was prepared for the Committee by Aida Caldera Sánchez, David Haugh, Yosuke Jin and Pilar García Perea under the supervision of Pierre Beynet. Müge Adalet McGowan and Dan Andrews also contributed. Research assistance was provided by Gabor Fulop and secretarial assistance was provided by Sylvie Ricordeau.

The previous Survey of the Spain was issued in September 2014.

  
Basic statistics of Spain, 2015
(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)a

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE

Population (million)

46.4

Population density per km2

92.5

(37.0)

Under 15 (%)

15.1

(18.0)

Life expectancy (years, 2014)

83.3

(80.6)

Over 65 (%)

18.6

(16.3)

Men

80.4

(77.9)

Foreign-born (%, 2014)

13.2

Women

86.2

(83.3)

Latest 5-year average growth (%)

-0.1

(0.6)

Latest general election

June 2016

ECONOMY

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Value added shares (%)

In current prices (billion USD)

1 193.0

Primary sector

2.6

(2.5)

In current prices (billion EUR)

1 075.6

Industry including construction

23.6

(27.0)

Latest 5-year average real growth (%)

-0.2

(1.9)

Services

73.8

(70.6)

Per capita (000 USD PPP)

34.7

(40.8)

 

GENERAL GOVERNMENT

Per cent of GDP

Expenditure

43.8

(40.5)

Gross financial debt

116.8

(114.0)

Revenue

38.6

(37.9)

Net financial debt

82.0

(72.7)

EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS

Exchange rate (EUR per USD)

0.901

Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)

PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)

0.667

Machinery and transport equipment

33.9

In per cent of GDP

Manufactured goods

15.4

Exports of goods and services

33.2

(54.8)

Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.

13.5

Imports of goods and services

30.7

(50.2)

Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)

Current account balance

1.4

(0.2)

Machinery and transport equipment

31.1

Net international investment position (2014)

-87.9

Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.

14.8

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

14.1

LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION

Employment rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)

57.8

(66.2)

Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (age 15 and over) (%)

22.1

(6.8)

Men

62.9

(74.1)

Youth (age 15-24, %)

48.4

(13.9)

Women

52.7

(58.5)

Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %)

11.4

(2.2)

Participation rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)

75.5

(71.3)

Tertiary educational attainment 25-64 year-olds (%)

35.1

(35.0)

Average hours worked per year

1 691

(1 766)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)

1.2

(2.4)

ENVIRONMENT

Total primary energy supply per capita (toe)

2.6

(4.1)

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2014)

5.0

(9.4)

Renewables (%)

14.4

(9.6)

Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m3, 2012)

0.8

Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5, % of population, 2013)

70.2

(72.3)

Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2014)

0.4

(0.5)

SOCIETY

Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2013)

0.346

(0.311)

Education outcomes (PISA score, 2015)

Relative poverty rate (%, 2013)

15.9

(11.1)

Reading

496

(493)

Median disposable household income (000 USD PPP, 2013)

19.2

(22.0)

Mathematics

486

(490)

Public and private spending (% of GDP)

Science

493

(493)

Health care

9.0

(9.0)

Share of women in parliament (%)

41.1

(28.6)

Pensions (2013)

12.0

(9.1)

Net official development assistance (% of GNI)

0.12

(0.37)

Education (primary, secondary, post sec. non tertiary, 2013)

3.0

(3.7)

 

Better life index: www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org

← a. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 29 member countries.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from the databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Inter-Parliamentary Union.