Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD - ISSN 2075-2288 - © OECD 2017
| | Country statistical profile: Estonia 2017 | |||||||||
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| | | Unit | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| | Production and income | |||||||||
| | GDP per capita | USD current PPPs | 20 505 | 21 594 | 24 501 | 25 973 | 27 389 | 28 516 | 28 993 | 29 378 |
| | Gross national income (GNI) per capita | USD current PPPs | 19 881 | 20 449 | 23 273 | 24 926 | 26 753 | 27 746 | 28 394 | .. |
| | Household disposable income | Annual growth % | -7.8 | -3.2 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 5.9 | 4.2 | .. |
| | Economic growth | |||||||||
| | Real GDP growth | Annual growth % | -14.7 | 2.3 | 7.6 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| | Net saving rate in household disposable income | % | 7.2 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 4.3 | .. |
| | Gross fixed capital formation | Annual growth % | -36.7 | -2.7 | 34.4 | 12.7 | -2.8 | -8.1 | -3.3 | -2.8 |
| | Economic structure: share of real value added | |||||||||
| | Agriculture, forestry, fishing | % | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
| | Industry including energy | % | 19.9 | 22.0 | 22.3 | 21.4 | 21.8 | 22.3 | 21.2 | 20.7 |
| | Construction | % | 7.1 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.0 |
| | Trade, repairs, transport, accomm., food services | % | 21.1 | 22.2 | 22.6 | 23.1 | 22.9 | 22.3 | 21.5 | 21.7 |
| | Information, communication | % | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.3 |
| | Finance and insurance | % | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| | Real estate | % | 10.6 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 9.9 |
| | Professional, scientific, support services | % | 9.1 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 9.2 |
| | Public admin., defence, education, health, social work | % | 17.5 | 16.2 | 14.7 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 16.4 |
| | Other services (ISIC Rev.4 R - U) | % | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| | Government deficits and debt | |||||||||
| | Government deficit | % of GDP | -2.2 | 0.2 | 1.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| | General government debt | % of GDP | 12.6 | 11.9 | 9.5 | 13.2 | 13.7 | 14.1 | 12.9 | .. |
| | General government revenues | % of GDP | 43.9 | 40.7 | 38.6 | 39.0 | 38.4 | 39.1 | 40.5 | 40.7 |
| | General government expenditures | % of GDP | 46.1 | 40.5 | 37.4 | 39.3 | 38.5 | 38.5 | 40.3 | .. |
| | Expenditure | |||||||||
| | Public expenditure on health | % of GDP | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.1 |
| | Private expenditure on health | % of GDP | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| | Public social expenditure | % of GDP | 19.6 | 18.3 | 16.3 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 17.4 |
| | Private social expenditure | % of GDP | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Public pension expenditure | % of GDP | 7.8 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.4 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Private pension expenditure | % of GDP | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Net official development assistance (Aid) | % of GNI | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
| | Taxes | |||||||||
| | Total tax revenue | % of GDP | 34.9 | 33.2 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 32.4 | 33.6 | .. |
| | Tax on personal income | % of GDP | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.8 | .. |
| | Tax on corporate profits | % of GDP | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.1 | .. |
| | Taxes on goods and services | % of GDP | 14.2 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 14.1 | .. |
| | Taxes on the average worker | % of labour cost | 39.2 | 40.1 | 40.3 | 40.4 | 39.9 | 40.0 | 39.0 | 38.9 |
| | Trade | |||||||||
| | Imports of goods and services | % of GDP | 55.8 | 68.7 | 80.8 | 84.4 | 82.5 | 79.5 | 75.1 | 75.9 |
| | Exports of goods and services | % of GDP | 60.8 | 75.1 | 86.5 | 86.0 | 84.5 | 83.1 | 79.3 | 79.9 |
| | Goods trade balance: exports minus imports of goods | Bln USD | -1.0 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -1.6 | -1.3 | -1.3 | -1.0 | -0.9 |
| | Imports of goods | Bln USD | 8.4 | 10.5 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 13.0 | 13.3 |
| | Exports of goods | Bln USD | 7.4 | 9.9 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 12.0 | 12.4 |
| | Service trade balance: exports minus imports of services | Bln USD | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| | Imports of services | Bln USD | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 4.3 |
| | Exports of services | Bln USD | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 6.1 |
| | Current account balance of payments | % of GDP | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.3 | -1.9 | -0.3 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| | Foreign direct investment (FDI) | |||||||||
| | Outward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 6 262 | 5 545 | 4 805 | 6 064 | 6 874 | 6 268 | 6 158 | 6 576 |
| | Inward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 15 842 | 15 551 | 16 349 | 18 934 | 22 078 | 20 688 | 19 012 | 19 369 |
| | Inflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 1 840 | 1 509 | 1 006 | 1 566 | 750 | 604 | 130 | 864 |
| | Outflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 1 375 | 167 | -1 455 | 1 054 | 505 | -159 | 323 | 352 |
| | Prices and interest rates | |||||||||
| | Inflation rate: all items | Annual growth % | -0.1 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 2.8 | -0.1 | -0.5 | 0.2 |
| | Inflation rate: all items non food non energy | Annual growth % | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| | Inflation rate: food | Annual growth % | -4.0 | 3.0 | 9.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 0.0 |
| | Inflation rate: energy | Annual growth % | -2.5 | 12.3 | 8.2 | 10.6 | 5.7 | -4.0 | -7.0 | -4.0 |
| | Producer Price Indices (PPI): manufacturing | Annual growth % | -3.9 | 2.1 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 0.3 | -2.7 | -0.8 |
| | Long-term interest rates | % | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Purchasing power and exchange rates | |||||||||
| | Purchasing power parities | AUD per USD | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.54 |
| | Exchange rates | AUD per USD | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| | Indices of price levels | OECD=100 | 70 | 66 | 68 | 66 | 70 | 72 | 67 | 68 |
| | Energy supply and prices | |||||||||
| | Total primary energy supply (TPES) | Mtoe | 4.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.5 | .. |
| | TPES per unit of GDP at 2000 prices and PPPs | Toe per '000 USD | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.16 | .. |
| | Renewable energy | Ktoe | 717.4 | 846.4 | 835.3 | 861.3 | 851.0 | 858.8 | 953.2 | .. |
| | Crude oil import prices | USD per barrel | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Information and Communications Technology (ICT) | |||||||||
| | Households with access to computers | % | 64.0 | 68.3 | 70.0 | 74.3 | 79.0 | .. | 87.9 | .. |
| | Households with access to internet | % | 61.9 | 66.9 | 69.4 | 73.8 | 79.3 | 87.7 | .. | |
| | Environment | |||||||||
| | Water abstactions | Mln m3 | 1 842 | 1 874 | 1 631 | 1 748 | 1 724 | 1 615 | .. | |
| | National fish landings in domestic ports | '000 tonnes | 80 | 77 | 61 | 52 | 51 | 52 | .. | .. |
| | National fish landings in foreign ports | '000 tonnes | 15 | 15 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 12 | .. | .. |
| | Aquaculture | '000 tonnes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |
| | Municipal waste total | '000 tonnes | 452 | 406 | 399 | 371 | 386 | 473 | .. | |
| | Municipal waste total per capita | Kg | 338 | 304 | 299 | 279 | 293 | 360 | .. | |
| | CO2emissions from fuel combustion | Mln tonnes | 15 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 19 | 18 | .. | .. |
| | Education | |||||||||
| | Tertiary attainment in population aged 25-64 | % | 36 | 35 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 38 | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: primary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | .. | .. | .. | 5 818 | 7 138 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: secondary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | .. | .. | .. | 6 970 | 6 417 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: tertiary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | .. | .. | .. | 8 423 | 11 607 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Youths 15-19 not in education nor employment | % | 8.0 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 4.6 | 7.0 | 5.5 | .. |
| | Youths 20-24 not in education nor employment | % | 19.8 | 22.4 | 15.8 | 17.1 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 15.0 | .. |
| | Employment | |||||||||
| | Employment rate in population aged 15-24 | % | 28.4 | 25.4 | 31.1 | 32.3 | 32.4 | 33.3 | 36.3 | 37.5 |
| | Employment rate in population aged 25-54 | % | 76.5 | 74.9 | 78.3 | 79.5 | 80.4 | 80.9 | 83.0 | 82.6 |
| | Employment rate in population aged 55-64 | % | 60.3 | 53.8 | 57.5 | 60.5 | 62.6 | 64.0 | 64.6 | 65.3 |
| | Incidence of part-time employment | % | 8.5 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 |
| | Self-employment rate: total employment | % | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.4 | .. |
| | Self-employment rate: male employment | % | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.1 | .. |
| | Self-employment rate: female employment | % | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 6.6 | .. |
| | Unemployment | |||||||||
| | Unemployment rate: total labour force | % | 13.5 | 16.7 | 12.3 | 10.0 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 6.8 |
| | Unemployment rate: male labour force | % | 16.7 | 19.3 | 13.1 | 10.9 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 7.4 |
| | Unemployment rate: female labour force | % | 10.3 | 14.1 | 11.6 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| | Long-term unemployment: total unemployed | % | 27.3 | 45.3 | 57.3 | 54.7 | 44.5 | 45.3 | 38.3 | 31.6 |
| | Labour compensation and hours worked | |||||||||
| | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | Annual growth % | 4.2 | 0.4 | -1.5 | 8.4 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
| | Average time worked per person in employment | Hours per year | 1 831 | 1 875 | 1 919 | 1 886 | 1 866 | 1 859 | 1 852 | 1 855 |
| | Research and Development (R&D) | |||||||||
| | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | Mln USD | 393 | 455 | 715 | 686 | 566 | 489 | 511 | .. |
| | Researchers: full-time equivalent | Per '000 employed | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.7 | .. |
| | Population | |||||||||
| | Total population | '000 persons | 1 335 | 1 331 | 1 327 | 1 323 | 1 318 | 1 316 | .. | .. |
| | Population growth rates | % | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.2 | .. | .. |
| | Total fertitity rates | Children | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | .. |
| | Youth population aged less than 15 | % of population | 15.0 | 15.2 | 15.4 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.8 | .. | .. |
| | Elderly population aged 65 and over | % of population | 17.4 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 17.9 | 18.2 | 18.4 | .. | .. |
| | International migration | |||||||||
| | Foreign-born population | % of population | 16.3 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 10.0 | 10.1 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Foreign population | % of population | 16.4 | 16.3 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 16.1 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born men | % of labour force | 17.3 | 19.4 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 7.3 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born men | % of labour force | 17.7 | 23.6 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 11.2 | 8.8 | 7.0 | 9.9 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born women | % of labour force | 10.5 | 13.4 | 11.2 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born women | % of labour force | 12.3 | 22.2 | 18.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.3 |
| | Health | |||||||||
| | Life expectancy at birth | Years | 75.2 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 76.5 | 77.3 | 77.2 | 77.7 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: men | Years | 70.0 | 70.9 | 71.4 | 71.4 | 72.8 | 72.4 | 73.2 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: women | Years | 80.3 | 80.8 | 81.3 | 81.5 | 81.7 | 81.9 | 82.2 | .. |
| | Infant mortality | Per '000 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.5 | .. |
| | Overweight or obese, % of population aged 15 and over | Measured | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 51.3 | .. | .. |
| | Suicide Rates | Per 100 000 persons | 19.3 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 17.5 | .. | .. |
| | Transport | |||||||||
| | Goods transport | Mln tonne-km | 11 183 | 12 249 | 12 184 | 10 922 | 10 709 | 9 564 | .. | .. |
| | Passenger transport | Mln passenger-km | 2 585 | 2 514 | 2 501 | 2 726 | 2 844 | 2 851 | .. | .. |
| | Road Fatalities | Per mln inhabitants | 75 | 59 | 76 | 66 | 61 | 59 | .. | .. |
| Last updated: 2 August 2017; disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer | ||||||||||
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Break in series | ||||||||||
Estimated value | ||||||||||
| Source: OECD Data (data.oecd.org). For explanatory notes, see OECD Factbook 2015-2016 (DOI: 10.1787/factbook-2015-en). | ||||||||||