Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD - ISSN 2075-2288 - © OECD 2018
| | Country statistical profile: Germany 2018 | |||||||||
| | ||||||||||
| | | Unit | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| | Production and income | |||||||||
| | GDP per capita | USD current PPPs | 37 689 | 39 955 | 42 693 | 43 564 | 45 232 | 47 092 | 47 811 | 48 859 |
| | Gross national income (GNI) per capita | USD current PPPs | 38 536 | 40 742 | 43 770 | 44 586 | 46 255 | 48 022 | 48 692 | 49 684 |
| | Household disposable income | Annual growth % | -0.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| | Economic growth | |||||||||
| | Real GDP growth | Annual growth % | -5.6 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 |
| | Net saving rate in household disposable income | % | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.7 |
| | Gross fixed capital formation | Annual growth % | -10.1 | 5.4 | 7.2 | -0.7 | -1.3 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 3.1 |
| | Economic structure: share of real value added | |||||||||
| | Agriculture, forestry, fishing | % | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| | Industry including energy | % | 23.7 | 25.9 | 26.2 | 26.2 | 25.7 | 25.9 | 26.0 | 25.7 |
| | Construction | % | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.8 |
| | Trade, repairs, transport, accomm., food services | % | 16.9 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 16.0 |
| | Information, communication | % | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
| | Finance and insurance | % | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 |
| | Real estate | % | 12.1 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 10.9 |
| | Professional, scientific, support services | % | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 |
| | Public admin., defence, education, health, social work | % | 18.1 | 17.8 | 17.7 | 17.9 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 18.2 |
| | Other services (ISIC Rev.4 R - U) | % | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| | Government deficits and debt | |||||||||
| | Government deficit | % of GDP | -3.2 | -4.2 | -1.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| | General government debt | % of GDP | 75.5 | 84.5 | 84.2 | 88.1 | 83.1 | 83.3 | 78.9 | 76.2 |
| | General government revenues | % of GDP | 44.3 | 43.0 | 43.8 | 44.3 | 44.5 | 44.6 | 44.5 | 45.0 |
| | General government expenditures | % of GDP | 47.6 | 47.3 | 44.7 | 44.3 | 44.7 | 44.3 | 43.8 | .. |
| | Expenditure | |||||||||
| | Government/compulsory expenditure on health | % of GDP | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.5 |
| | Voluntary expenditure on health | % of GDP | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| | Public social expenditure | % of GDP | 26.7 | 25.9 | 24.7 | 24.6 | 24.8 | 24.9 | 25.0 | 25.3 |
| | Private social expenditure | % of GDP | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Public pension expenditure | % of GDP | 11.0 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Private pension expenditure | % of GDP | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Net official development assistance (Aid) | % of GNI | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.70 |
| | Taxes | |||||||||
| | Total tax revenue | % of GDP | 36.1 | 35.0 | 35.7 | 36.4 | 36.8 | 36.8 | 37.1 | 37.6 |
| | Tax on personal income | % of GDP | 9.1 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 10.0 |
| | Tax on corporate profits | % of GDP | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| | Taxes on goods and services | % of GDP | 10.8 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.2 |
| | Taxes on the average worker | % of labour cost | 50.8 | 49.0 | 49.7 | 49.6 | 49.2 | 49.3 | 49.4 | 49.4 |
| | Trade | |||||||||
| | Imports of goods and services | % of GDP | 32.9 | 37.1 | 39.9 | 39.9 | 39.4 | 38.8 | 38.9 | 38.1 |
| | Exports of goods and services | % of GDP | 37.8 | 42.3 | 44.8 | 46.0 | 45.4 | 45.7 | 46.9 | 46.1 |
| | Goods trade balance: exports minus imports of goods | Bln USD | 196.1 | 213.4 | 227.2 | 257.6 | 282.3 | 303.0 | 289.7 | 300.2 |
| | Imports of goods | Bln USD | 874.2 | 1 002.8 | 1 205.1 | 1 119.6 | 1 151.7 | 1 177.4 | 1 018.4 | 1 021.3 |
| | Exports of goods | Bln USD | 1 070.3 | 1 216.3 | 1 432.4 | 1 377.2 | 1 434.0 | 1 480.4 | 1 308.1 | 1 321.5 |
| | Service trade balance: exports minus imports of services | Bln USD | -27.3 | -35.8 | -45.2 | -42.1 | -54.9 | -33.6 | -20.6 | -23.5 |
| | Imports of services | Bln USD | 249.1 | 263.3 | 295.7 | 294.7 | 327.9 | 331.4 | 293.7 | 304.7 |
| | Exports of services | Bln USD | 221.8 | 227.5 | 250.6 | 252.6 | 273.0 | 297.8 | 273.1 | 281.2 |
| | Current account balance of payments | % of GDP | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 8.4 |
| | Foreign direct investment (FDI) | |||||||||
| | Outward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 1 357 953 | 1 383 601 | 1 432 696 | 1 448 431 | 1 389 794 | 1 342 450 | 1 335 723 | |
| | Inward FDI stocks | Mln USD | 965 014 | 959 200 | 988 551 | 955 168 | 860 364 | 789 228 | 786 031 | |
| | Inflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 23 807 | 65 646 | 67 573 | 28 190 | -3 374 | 27 221 | 12 243 | |
| | Outflows of foreign direct investment | Mln USD | 68 548 | 125 453 | 78 002 | 62 188 | 92 195 | 87 202 | 37 265 | |
| | Prices and interest rates | |||||||||
| | Inflation rate: all items | Annual growth % | 0.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| | Inflation rate: all items non food non energy | Annual growth % | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| | Inflation rate: food | Annual growth % | -1.3 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| | Inflation rate: energy | Annual growth % | -5.5 | 4.0 | 10.1 | 5.7 | 1.4 | -2.1 | -7.0 | -5.4 |
| | Producer Price Indices (PPI): manufacturing | Annual growth % | -3.4 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 0.0 | -0.4 | -1.2 | -0.7 |
| | Long-term interest rates | % | 3.22 | 2.74 | 2.61 | 1.50 | 1.57 | 1.16 | 0.50 | 0.09 |
| | Purchasing power and exchange rates | |||||||||
| | Purchasing power parities | AUD per USD | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
| | Exchange rates | AUD per USD | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| | Indices of price levels | OECD=100 | 111 | 104 | 104 | 100 | 104 | 105 | 97 | 98 |
| | Energy supply and prices | |||||||||
| | Total primary energy supply (TPES) | Mtoe | 309.9 | 326.0 | 309.5 | 310.8 | 317.6 | 305.7 | 307.8 | 311.5 |
| | TPES per unit of GDP at 2000 prices and PPPs | Toe per '000 USD | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| | Renewable energy | Ktoe | 24 479.4 | 27 568.2 | 29 298.3 | 32 249.5 | 33 395.1 | 35 403.8 | 38 351.5 | 39 586.5 |
| | Crude oil import prices | USD per barrel | 61.18 | 78.49 | 110.63 | 112.21 | 109.62 | 99.76 | 52.65 | 42.80 |
| | Information and Communications Technology (ICT) | |||||||||
| | Households with access to computers | % | 84.1 | 85.7 | 86.9 | 87.1 | 88.9 | .. | 91.0 | .. |
| | Households with access to internet | % | 79.1 | 82.5 | 83.3 | 85.5 | 87.7 | 89.5 | 90.3 | 92.1 |
| | Environment | |||||||||
| | Water abstactions | Mln m3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ||
| | National fish landings in domestic ports | '000 tonnes | 57 | 50 | 69 | 63 | 58 | 57 | .. | .. |
| | National fish landings in foreign ports | '000 tonnes | 155 | 160 | 138 | 119 | 147 | 151 | .. | .. |
| | Aquaculture | '000 tonnes | 39 | 41 | 60 | 27 | 25 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Municipal waste total | '000 tonnes | 48 466 | 49 237 | 50 237 | 49 759 | 49 570 | 51 102 | 51 046 | .. |
| | Municipal waste total per capita | Kg | 592 | 602 | 620 | 619 | 615 | 632 | 629 | .. |
| | CO2emissions from fuel combustion | Mln tonnes | 720 | 759 | 731 | 745 | 764 | 723 | 730 | .. |
| | Education | |||||||||
| | Tertiary attainment in population aged 25-64 | % | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 28 |
| | Expenditure per student: primary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | .. | .. | .. | 7 733 | 8 130 | 8 546 | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: secondary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | .. | .. | .. | 10 628 | 11 142 | 11 684 | .. | .. |
| | Expenditure per student: tertiary, 2010 prices | USD constant PPPs | .. | .. | .. | 17 121 | 16 949 | 17 180 | .. | .. |
| | Youths 15-19 not in education nor employment | % | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.4 |
| | Youths 20-24 not in education nor employment | % | 13.7 | 13.7 | 12.6 | 11.2 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 9.3 | 10.8 |
| | Employment | |||||||||
| | Employment rate in population aged 15-24 | % | 47.9 | 46.6 | 46.9 | 46.1 | 45.3 | 45.8 | ||
| | Employment rate in population aged 25-54 | % | 83.0 | 83.3 | 83.4 | 83.5 | 83.7 | 83.9 | ||
| | Employment rate in population aged 55-64 | % | 60.0 | 61.6 | 63.6 | 65.6 | 66.2 | 68.6 | ||
| | Incidence of part-time employment | % | 21.9 | 21.8 | 22.3 | 22.2 | 22.6 | 22.3 | 22.4 | 22.1 |
| | Self-employment rate: total employment | % | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 10.8 | 10.4 | ||
| | Self-employment rate: male employment | % | 14.4 | 14.3 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 12.8 | ||
| | Self-employment rate: female employment | % | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.6 | ||
| | Unemployment | |||||||||
| | Unemployment rate: total labour force | % | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.1 | ||
| | Unemployment rate: male labour force | % | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.5 | ||
| | Unemployment rate: female labour force | % | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.7 | ||
| | Long-term unemployment: total unemployed | % | 45.5 | 47.3 | 47.9 | 45.4 | 44.7 | 44.3 | 44.0 | 41.2 |
| | Labour compensation and hours worked | |||||||||
| | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | Annual growth % | 4.1 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| | Average time worked per person in employment | Hours per year | 1 373 | 1 390 | 1 393 | 1 375 | 1 362 | 1 368 | 1 368 | 1 363 |
| | Research and Development (R&D) | |||||||||
| | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | Mln USD | 84 110 | 87 131 | 93 048 | 95 931 | 94 818 | 98 388 | 101 681 | .. |
| | Researchers: full-time equivalent | Per '000 employed | 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 9.0 | .. |
| | Population | |||||||||
| | Total population | '000 persons | 81 904 | 81 715 | 80 249 | 80 413 | 80 611 | 80 896 | .. | .. |
| | Population growth rates | % | -0.3 | -0.2 | -1.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | .. | .. |
| | Total fertitity rates | Children | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .. |
| | Youth population aged less than 15 | % of population | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.1 | .. | .. |
| | Elderly population aged 65 and over | % of population | 20.8 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 21.4 | .. | .. |
| | International migration | |||||||||
| | Foreign-born population | % of population | 12.9 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.8 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Foreign population | % of population | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.3 | .. | .. | .. |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born men | % of labour force | 7.2 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 3.9 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born men | % of labour force | 14.2 | 11.3 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.3 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of native-born women | % of labour force | 6.8 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.3 |
| | Unemployment rate in population of foreign-born women | % of labour force | 11.8 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.2 |
| | Health | |||||||||
| | Life expectancy at birth | Years | 80.3 | 80.5 | 80.5 | 80.6 | 80.6 | 81.2 | 80.7 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: men | Years | 77.8 | 78.0 | 77.9 | 78.1 | 78.1 | 78.7 | 78.3 | .. |
| | Life expectancy at birth: women | Years | 82.8 | 83.0 | 83.1 | 83.1 | 83.0 | 83.6 | 83.1 | .. |
| | Infant mortality | Per '000 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .. |
| | Overweight or obese, % of population aged 15 and over | Measured | .. | .. | .. | 60.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | Suicide Rates | Per 100 000 persons | 10.3 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 10.8 | .. | .. |
| | Transport | |||||||||
| | Goods transport | Mln tonne-km | 474 856 | 498 951 | 507 815 | 491 866 | 496 644 | 499 405 | 504 477 | 504 978 |
| | Passenger transport | Mln passenger-km | 1 041 947 | 1 046 778 | 1 057 771 | 1 061 115 | 1 069 861 | 1 086 166 | 1 100 374 | 1 123 094 |
| | Road Fatalities | Per mln inhabitants | 51 | 45 | 49 | 45 | 41 | 42 | 42 | .. |
| Last updated: 11 January 2018; disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer | ||||||||||
Not available | ||||||||||
Break in series | ||||||||||
Estimated value | ||||||||||
| Source: OECD Data (data.oecd.org). | ||||||||||