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Table C.1. Share of total production, exports and export propensities (%), 2014-2015
		Gross	VA	Gross	VA	Gross	VA
	Total economy					10.2	17.3
	Goods	20.75	16.61	72.17	50.13	35.4	52.1
A	Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	2.85	2.58	5.06	5.91	18.1	39.5
101	Sheep, Grains, Beef and Dairy Cattle	1.44	1.07	3.7	3.14	26.1	50.8
102	Poultry and Other Livestock	0.24	0.29	0.06	0.51	2.7	30.2
103	Other Agriculture	0.72	0.84	0.51	1.34	7.2	27.4
201	Aquaculture	0.05	0.04	0.02	0.04	4	18.5
301	Forestry and Logging	0.09	0.1	0.08	0.18	8.8	32
401	Fishing, hunting and trapping	0.07	0.07	0.16	0.13	22.5	30.2
501	Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Support Services	0.23	0.17	0.53	0.58	23.2	57.2
B	Mining	6.53	7.1	39.16	32.26	61	78.3
601	Coal mining	1.43	1.15	11.44	5.98	81.3	89.9
701	Oil and gas extraction	1.28	1.79	7.34	6.96	58.6	67
801	Iron Ore Mining	1.84	2.54	15.96	13.29	88	90.2
802	Non Ferrous Metal Ore Mining	1.26	0.84	4.17	3.99	33.7	82.3
901	Non Metallic Mineral Mining	0.15	0.15	0.19	0.24	13	27.3
1001	Exploration and Mining Support Services	0.57	0.63	0.05	1.79	1	48.8
C	Manufacturing	11.37	6.93	27.95	11.96	25	29.8
1101	Meat and Meat product Manufacturing	0.96	0.39	3.63	1.05	38.6	46.1
1102	Processed Seafood Manufacturing	0.03	0.02	0.19	0.08	56.7	59.6
1103	Dairy Product Manufacturing	0.4	0.16	0.82	0.25	20.7	27.2
1104	Fruit and Vegetable Product Manufacturing	0.14	0.09	0.43	0.16	30.1	33.2
1105	Oils and Fats Manufacturing	0.05	0.02	0.12	0.04	26.7	37.7
1106	Grain Mill and Cereal Product Manufacturing	0.17	0.08	0.4	0.15	24	31.4
1107	Bakery Product Manufacturing	0.25	0.2	0.19	0.13	7.9	11.8
1108	Sugar and Confectionery Manufacturing	0.31	0.16	0.65	0.27	21.2	29.5
1109	Other Food Product Manufacturing	0.29	0.19	0.4	0.28	13.9	25.5
1201	Soft Drinks, Cordials and Syrup Manufacturing	0.18	0.12	0.23	0.11	13.1	15.8
1202	Beer Manufacturing	0.14	0.12	0.14	0.14	10	19.6
1205	Wine, Spirits and Tobacco	0.24	0.2	0.65	0.35	27.4	30.8
1301	Textile Manufacturing	0.02	0.02	0.08	0.05	50.8	60.6
1302	Tanned Leather, Dressed Fur and Leather Product Manufacturing	0.04	0.03	0.34	0.18	91.3	94.3
1303	Textile Product Manufacturing	0.08	0.08	0.06	0.06	7.2	13.6
1304	Knitted Product Manufacturing	0	0	0.01	0.01	61.9	66.2
1305	Clothing Manufacturing	0.04	0.04	0.19	0.13	44.2	51.3
1306	Footwear Manufacturing	0.01	0.01	0.07	0.04	72.2	75.5
1401	Sawmill Product Manufacturing	0.15	0.11	0.34	0.19	23.5	30.6
1402	Other Wood Product Manufacturing	0.27	0.18	0.05	0.08	1.8	7.9
1501	Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Manufacturing	0.07	0.04	0.06	0.05	8.8	26
1502	Paper Stationery and Other Converted Paper Product Manufact.	0.22	0.14	0.35	0.22	16.1	27.3
1601	Printing (including the reproduction of recorded media)	0.21	0.22	0.06	0.25	3.1	19.2
1701	Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing	0.75	0.32	0.95	0.61	12.8	33.1
1801	Human Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Product Manufacturing	0.36	0.22	0.4	0.18	11.5	14
1802	Veterinary Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Product Manufacturing	0.02	0.01	0.09	0.05	52	62.9
1803	Basic Chemical Manufacturing	0.49	0.31	1.7	0.93	35.6	52.1
1804	Cleaning Compounds and Toiletry Preparation Manufacturing	0.11	0.11	0.25	0.19	22.1	28.9
1901	Polymer Product Manufacturing	0.39	0.28	0.4	0.34	10.5	21.2
1902	Natural Rubber Product Manufacturing	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.05	22.1	39.9
2001	Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing	0.11	0.1	0.05	0.09	4.2	15.5
2002	Ceramic Product Manufacturing	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.02	4.2	12.3
2003	Cement, Lime and Ready-Mixed Concrete Manufacturing	0.32	0.22	0.02	0.11	0.8	8.4
2004	Plaster and Concrete Product Manufacturing	0.11	0.06	0.02	0.04	1.8	9.6
2005	Other Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.04	11.1	18.3
2101	Iron and Steel Manufacturing	0.28	0.17	0.32	0.26	11.7	27
2102	Basic Non-Ferrous Metal Manufacturing	1.2	0.26	9.88	1.37	83.8	90.8
2201	Forged Iron and Steel Product Manufacturing	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	8.6	33.8
2202	Structural Metal Product Manufacturing	0.51	0.38	0.3	0.49	6.1	22.1
2203	Metal Containers and Other Sheet Metal Product manufacturing	0.13	0.13	0.06	0.11	5	15.4
2204	Other Fabricated Metal Product manufacturing	0.25	0.17	0.3	0.28	12.6	27.4
2301	Motor Vehicles and Parts; Other Transport Equipment Manufact.	0.41	0.24	0.98	0.45	24.5	32.7
2302	Ships and Boat Manufacturing	0.18	0.12	0.29	0.16	15.8	23.5
2303	Railway Rolling Stock Manufacturing	0.11	0.05	0.03	0.06	2.4	19
2304	Aircraft Manufacturing	0.16	0.12	0.29	0.21	18.9	31.2
2401	Professional, Scientific, Computer and Electronic Equip. Man.	0.24	0.26	0.9	0.68	38.4	45.4
2403	Electrical Equipment Manufacturing	0.14	0.11	0.17	0.14	12.5	22.4
2404	Domestic Appliance Manufacturing	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02	7.1	11.6
2405	Specialised and other Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing	0.46	0.38	0.65	0.62	14.3	28.1
2501	Furniture Manufacturing	0.14	0.11	0.04	0.03	2.9	5.4
2502	Other Manufactured Products	0.08	0.06	0.24	0.14	31.3	38.9
D-E	Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	3.06	2.77	0.12	2.22	0.4	13.8
2601	Electricity Generation	0.59	0.27	0.04	0.3	0.7	19.2
2605	Electricity Transmission, Distribution, On Selling & Mkt Op.	1.46	1.29	0.05	1.11	0.3	14.9
2701	Gas Supply	0.16	0.12	0.01	0.15	0.6	22.9
2801	Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Services	0.68	0.83	0.02	0.46	0.3	9.7
2901	Waste Collection, Treatment and Disposal Services	0.17	0.28	0.01	0.19	0.3	11.7
F	Construction	13.98	8.64	0.3	3.24	0.2	6.5
3001	Residential Building Construction	2.5	0.99	0.03	0.17	0.1	3
3002	Non-Residential Building Construction	1.59	0.73	0.03	0.12	0.2	2.8
3101	Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction	3.04	2.27	0.08	0.6	0.3	4.5
3201	Construction Services	6.85	4.65	0.16	2.36	0.2	8.8
G	Wholesale Trade and Retail	8.07	8.84	6.45	7.47	8.1	14.6
3301	Wholesale Trade	4.27	4.23	5.2	5.56	12.4	22.7
3901	Retail Trade	3.8	4.6	1.24	1.91	3.3	7.1
I	Accommodation and Food Services	2.68	2.67	2.87	2.37	10.9	15.3
4401	Accommodation	0.54	0.55	1.63	1.22	30.9	37.8
4501	Food and Beverage Services	2.15	2.11	1.25	1.16	5.9	9.4
H	Transport, Postal and Warehousing	5.76	5.15	7.58	7.77	13.4	26
4601	Road Transport	1.82	1.59	2.73	2.59	15.3	28.1
4701	Rail Transport	0.49	0.43	1.37	1.02	28.3	40.4
4801	Water, Pipeline and Other Transport	0.32	0.28	0.34	0.45	10.7	27.8
4901	Air and Space Transport	0.83	0.59	1.39	0.85	17	24.9
5101	Postal and Courier Pick-up and Delivery Service	0.39	0.33	0.48	0.46	12.4	24.6
5201	Transport Support services and storage	1.91	1.93	1.28	2.4	6.8	21.4
J	Information and Communication	3.24	2.91	1.08	2.01	3.4	11.9
5401	Publishing (except Internet and Music Publishing)	0.38	0.46	0.44	0.52	11.6	19.3
5501	Motion Picture and Sound Recording	0.26	0.17	0.08	0.08	3.3	7.8
5601	Broadcasting (except Internet)	0.37	0.38	0.06	0.24	1.7	11.1
5701	Internet Services (Provid./Publ./Broad./Websearch/Data Proc.)	0.34	0.3	0.09	0.21	2.7	11.8
5801	Telecommunication Services	1.83	1.52	0.39	0.94	2.2	10.8
6001	Library and Other Information Services	0.06	0.09	0.02	0.02	4.2	4.9
K	Financial and Insurance Services	7.5	9.38	1.36	6.26	1.9	11.5
6201	Finance	4.22	6.43	0.93	4.23	2.2	11.4
6301	Insurance and Superannuation Funds	1.71	1.28	0.14	0.27	0.8	3.7
6401	Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services	1.57	1.67	0.3	1.75	1.9	18.1
L	Real Estate Activities	9.36	12.61	0.95	3.41	1	4.7
6601	Rental and Hiring Services (except Real Estate)	0.68	0.46	0.28	0.61	4.2	23
6701	Ownership of Dwellings	6.24	9.6	0.63	0.58	1	1
6702	Non-Residential Property Operators and Real Estate Services	2.43	2.55	0.04	2.22	0.2	15
M	Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities	6.79	6.82	2.73	7.01	4.1	17.7
6901	Professional, Scientific and Technical Services	5.28	5.12	2.19	5.95	4.2	20
7001	Computer Systems Design and Related Services	1.51	1.69	0.54	1.06	3.6	10.9
N	Administrative and Support Services Activities	2.8	3	0.59	2.78	2.1	16
7210	Employment, Travel Agency and Other Administrative Services	2.25	2.57	0.58	2.46	2.6	16.5
7310	Building Cleaning, Pest Control and Other Support Services	0.55	0.42	0.01	0.32	0.2	13
O	Public administration and defence; comp. social security	4.7	5.62	0.11	0.87	0.2	2.7
7501	Public Administration and Regulatory Services	3.1	3.47	0.05	0.48	0.2	2.4
7601	Defence	0.81	1.16	0.04	0.04	0.5	0.6
7701	Public Order and Safety	0.8	0.98	0.02	0.35	0.2	6.1
P	Education	3.4	5.05	3.03	2.78	9.1	9.5
8010	Primary and Secondary Education Services (incl Pre- & Spe.)	1.79	2.76	0.12	0.11	0.7	0.7
8110	Technical, Vocational and Tertiary Education (incl grad.)	1.37	1.99	2.75	2.52	20.5	21.9
8210	Arts, Sports, Adult and Other Education Ser. (incl com. ed.)	0.25	0.3	0.16	0.15	6.5	8.4
Q	Human health and social work activities	4.88	7.11	0.15	0.19	0.3	0.5
8401	Health Care Services	3.06	4.15	0.12	0.16	0.4	0.7
8601	Residential Care and Social Assistance Services	1.82	2.96	0.03	0.03	0.2	0.2
R	Arts and Recreation Services	1.14	0.88	0.39	0.32	3.5	6.4
8901	Heritage, Creative and Performing Arts	0.24	0.26	0.08	0.13	3.2	8.6
9101	Sports and Recreation	0.6	0.42	0.18	0.13	3	5.4
9201	Gambling	0.3	0.2	0.14	0.06	4.8	5.4
S	Other Services	1.87	1.95	0.11	1.16	0.6	10.3
9401	Automotive Repair and Maintenance	0.56	0.51	0.02	0.39	0.3	13.1
9402	Other Repair and Maintenance	0.44	0.36	0	0.62	0	29.9
9501	Personal Services	0.48	0.4	0.06	0.07	1.3	3.2
9502	Other Services	0.39	0.69	0.02	0.09	0.6	2.2
Note: In 2014-15, total production was valued at AUD 3 022 866 in gross terms and AUD 1 523 869 in value added terms. In 2014-15, total exports were valued at AUD 307 657 in gross terms and AUD 262 870 in value added terms.
Source: Own calculations based on ABS, Australian National Accounts: Input-Output Tables, 2014-15, catalogue no. 5209.0.55.001 Table 3 and 5.

Table C.2. Decomposition of value added (%), 2014-15
Industry	Direct value added	Indirect
		Domestic value added	Foreign value added
Total	56.4	34.3	9.3
Goods	47.3	36.9	15.8
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	48.1	39	13
Mining	59.3	30.5	10.2
Manufacturing	34.7	42.7	22.7
Services	58.2	33.8	8.0
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	50.8	41.9	7.3
Construction	32.5	51	16.6
Wholesale Trade and Retail	55.7	36.3	8
Accommodation and Food Services	50.2	40	9.9
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	45.7	41.8	12.5
Information and Communication	46.9	41.9	11.2
Financial and Insurance Services	67.3	29.5	3.2
Real Estate Activities	71	26.4	2.6
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities	50.8	41.4	7.9
Administrative and Support Services Activities	54.9	37.7	7.3
Public administration and defence; comp. social security	60.8	32.2	7
Education	75	18.8	6.3
Human health and social work activities	74.1	18	7.9
Arts and Recreation Services	40.4	42.6	17
Other Services	59.1	25.2	15.7
Source: Own calculations based on ABS, Australian National Accounts: Input-Output Tables, 2014-15, catalogue 5209.0.55.001, Tables 3 and 5.

Table C.3. Value-added composition of outsourced inputs (%), 2014-15
Domestically sourced intermediate inputs
	Share	Sector origin
Industry	%	A	B	C	D-S
Total economy	34.3	3.2	3.2	7.8	85.8
Goods	36.9	10.8	9	11.6	68.6
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	39	25.7	2.1	9.7	62.5
Mining	30.5	0.9	14	8.1	77
Manufacturing	42.7	12.9	7.6	14.9	64.6
Services	33.8	1.6	2	6.9	89.5
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	41.9	0.4	3	3.9	92.8
Construction	51	1.3	3.2	15.1	80.4
Wholesale Trade and Retail	36.3	3.2	2.1	6.4	88.3
Accommodation and Food Services	40	11	1.9	15.3	71.8
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	41.8	0.5	2.1	7.2	90.2
Information and Communication	41.9	0.6	1.3	5	93.1
Financial and Insurance Services	29.5	0.3	0.8	1.8	97
Real Estate Activities	26.4	0.8	1.2	3.1	95
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities	41.4	0.6	2	3.6	93.7
Administrative and Support Services Activities	37.7	0.9	2.3	4.2	92.6
Public administration and defence; comp. social security	32.2	0.8	1.8	5.4	92
Education	18.8	1.3	1.5	5.8	91.4
Human health and social work activities	18	2.8	1.6	8.4	87.2
Arts and Recreation Services	42.6	3.2	1.3	8	87.5
Other Services	25.2	2.3	1.9	11.9	83.8
Imported intermediate inputs
	Share	Sector origin (%)
Sector	%	A	B	C	D-S
Total economy	9.3	0.5	7.8	71.2	20.6
Goods	15.8	0.8	13.6	75.7	9.9
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	13	1.9	12.4	76.4	9.3
Mining	10.2	0.1	10	74.1	15.8
Manufacturing	22.7	0.9	15.5	76.3	7.3
Services	8	0.3	5.5	69.5	24.7
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services	7.3	0.1	6.2	76.3	17.4
Construction	16.5	0.2	3.9	83.3	12.7
Wholesale Trade and Retail	8	0.6	14.5	62	22.9
Accommodation and Food Services	9.9	1.9	4.5	80	13.6
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	12.5	0.1	11.4	73.6	14.9
Information and Communication	11.2	0.2	3.7	55.8	40.4
Financial and Insurance Services	3.2	0.1	3.8	39.8	56.2
Real Estate Activities	2.6	0.2	3.7	59.5	36.6
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities	7.9	0.2	3.4	41.5	54.9
Administrative and Support Services Activities	7.3	0.3	3.3	48.7	47.8
Public administration and defence; comp. social security	7	0.2	4.9	64.3	30.6
Education	6.3	0.3	2.4	71.9	25.5
Human health and social work activities	7.9	0.3	2.5	86.3	11
Arts and Recreation Services	17	0.8	2.1	75.6	21.6
Other Services	15.7	0.3	2	88.9	8.9
Note: Final exporting industries are defined as follows: Agriculture (A), Mining (B), Manufacturing (C) and Services (D-S). For more details, see Table A.1.
Source: Own calculations based on ABS, Australian National Accounts: Input-Output Tables, 2014-15, catalogue 5209.0.55.001, Tables 3 and 5.

Table C.4. Australia's exports by partner and main aggregates, 2016
Country (ISO3)	Export (AUD mio.)	Share (%)
Country (ISO3)	Export (AUD mio.)	Travel, business	Travel education	Travel, other personal	Transport	Finance & insurance	Business services	Other services
World	71 248	5.9	30.8	24.4	10.2	5.7	20.1	2.9
Asia and Oceania	43 827	5.9	41.3	24.7	8.7	4.4	12.5	2.5
Brunei Darussalam (BRN)	53	1.9	25.9	24.1	22.2	1.9	20.4	3.7
China, People’s Republic of (CHN)	11 260	5.5	53.8	30.2	4.2	3.1	1.8	1.4
Chinese Taipei (TWN)	1 122	4.8	38.1	47	0.8	4	4.9	0.4
Fiji (FJI)	164	10.4	11.6	39	22.6	0.6	14	1.8
Hong Kong, China (HKG)	2 507	4.1	21.6	23	24.7	7.9	16.8	2
India (IND)	3 484	7.7	74.1	11.4	0.7	1.6	2.5	2.1
Indonesia (IDN)	1 403	4.3	46.9	22.8	11.7	1.2	11.5	1.5
Japan (JPN)	2 281	6.2	16.1	38.4	23.3	5.1	8.9	1.9
Korea (KOR)	2 056	5.7	42.6	43.6	2.9	1.9	1.9	1.5
Malaysia (MYS)	1 903	4.4	48.8	31.1	1.5	4.7	7.5	2
New Zealand (NZL)	4 265	13.6	4.4	36.4	13.6	13	14.5	4.5
Papua New Guinea (PNG)	482	7.3	14.5	17.4	3.5	6.8	46.1	4.4
Philippines (PHL)	706	9.6	53.2	21.3	3.1	0.7	10.4	1.7
Singapore (SGP)	4 838	5	6.3	13.8	13.3	4.3	50.7	6.6
Thailand (THA)	1 117	4.1	71.4	12.3	7.4	0.4	3	1.3
Viet Nam (VNM)	1 280	2	84.9	7.6	2.4	0.2	1.6	1.3
Americas	11 244	6.6	15.7	17.6	8.2	9	38.9	4.1
Canada (CAN)	872	11.8	17.9	40.9	5	6.2	12.5	5.6
Chile (CHL)	187	4.8	42.6	21.3	19.1	0	10.6	1.6
Mexico (MEX)	94	3.2	76.6	13.8	0	0	4.3	2.1
Peru (PER)	60	3.3	70.5	9.8	6.6	1.6	4.9	3.3
United States (USA)	8 214	7.3	3.3	17.5	10	9.4	48	4.7
Europe	12 073	6.9	13.3	36.3	9.1	7.1	24.4	3
European Union (27 countries)	10 530	7.4	13.4	38.6	6.9	7.4	23.5	2.8
Belgium (BEL)	137	13	9.9	37.4	1.5	13	22.1	3.1
France (FRA)	841	8.6	18.2	42.3	3.2	2.6	22.7	2.4
Germany (DEU)	1 444	6.6	10.1	42.4	10.5	6.4	22.3	1.6
Greece (GRC)	84	8.2	45.9	27.1	9.4	1.2	1.2	7.1
Ireland (IRL)	511	9	6.1	27.7	0.6	2.9	52	1.8
Italy (ITA)	595	9.4	44.5	40.7	0.3	0.2	3	1.8
Netherlands (NLD)	432	8.5	7.6	34.8	2.1	11.8	32.7	2.5
Sweden (SWE)	272	7.3	22.3	49.3	5.5	0.7	13.1	1.8
United Kingdom (GBR)	4 830	7.4	4.6	40.9	5.2	11.6	27.2	3.2
Rest of Europe	1 543	3.1	12.4	20.4	24.2	5	30.7	4.3
Norway (NOR)	243	3.7	25.5	25.5	32.9	2.9	7.4	2.1
Switzerland (CHE)	939	2.3	4.1	18.5	27.7	1.6	42.3	3.4
Russia (RUS)	111	6.3	41.4	29.7	0	0.9	16.2	5.4
Africa	1 072	4.3	45.5	14.8	12.8	3.9	15.2	3.6
South Africa (ZAF)	313	10.2	8.6	33.6	28.6	1.6	13.2	4.3
Unallocated	3 026
Note: The table reports data prior to the August 2017 revision of international services trade. For more information on the revisions, please refer to the ABS Information Paper: Changes to the Australian System of National Accounts, 2016-17 (catalogue no. 5204.0.55.012).
Source: Own calculations on OECD International Trade in Services Statistics by Partner Country (ITSS), EBOPS 2010.

Table C.5. Australia's imports by partner and main aggregates, 2016
Country (ISO3)	Import AUD mio	Share (%)
Country (ISO3)	Import AUD mio	Travel, business	Travel, education	Travel, other personal	Transport	Finance & insurance	Business service	Other services
World	75 511	4.7	1.8	37.9	21.8	3.9	25.6	4.4
Asia and Oceania	35 429	5.3	2.1	39.9	28.9	2.1	18.8	2.9
Brunei Darussalam (BRN)	63	3.2	1.6	12.7	79.4	0	1.6	1.6
China, People’s Republic of (CHN)	2 616	10	3.9	35.7	29.8	2	15.3	3.3
Chinese Taipei (TWN)	224	7.6	3.1	45.7	28.7	1.8	10.3	2.7
Fiji (FJI)	1 086	4	2.2	80.2	12	0	0.7	0.8
Hong Kong, China (HKG)	2 853	3.7	0.8	16.7	46.1	5.2	26.4	1.1
India (IND)	1 749	5.5	1.5	35.2	0.4	1.6	52.5	3.3
Indonesia (IDN)	3 074	3.7	2	78.9	8.3	0.1	3	4
Japan (JPN)	2 897	4.1	3.2	41.5	32.9	2.2	14.5	1.4
Korea (KOR)	940	3.6	1.4	11.6	46.5	4.6	30.1	2.2
Malaysia (MYS)	872	6.8	2.6	42.5	31.4	2.3	12.2	2.2
New Zealand (NZL)	4 239	6.8	2.6	53.8	17.8	3.8	14.1	1
Papua New Guinea (PNG)	379	32.6	3.4	27.6	0.3	0.5	20.3	15.3
Philippines (PHL)	831	7.1	1.9	48.4	0.4	4.4	33.7	4.1
Singapore (SGP)	5 235	3.7	0.9	12.7	37	3	41.2	1.5
Thailand (THA)	1 983	3.7	2	64.7	26.3	0.3	2.1	0.9
Viet Nam (VNM)	951	5.6	2.2	68.5	17.8	0.8	2.7	2.4
Americas	16 717	4.5	1.2	39.7	8.2	5.7	32.9	7.9
Canada (CAN)	1 616	4	1.2	51.1	23.7	1.1	16	3
Chile (CHL)	246	2.8	0.4	38.6	55.3	0	1.2	1.6
Mexico (MEX)	136	3	1.5	84.4	0	2.2	5.9	3
Peru (PER)	116	1.7	2.6	89.7	0	0	5.1	0.9
United States (USA)	13 865	4.7	1.2	36.8	5.2	6.5	36.6	9
Europe	20 403	4	1.9	33.6	20.3	5.6	30.2	4.3
European Union (27 countries)	18 561	4	2	35.4	19.7	5.5	29.3	4.2
Belgium (BEL)	216	4.6	1.4	8.3	20.7	14.3	44.2	6.5
France (FRA)	1 861	3.1	2.8	48	17.7	1.5	24.9	2
Germany (DEU)	2 835	3.3	1.6	14.7	46.9	1.8	30.7	1
Greece (GRC)	710	3.7	1.4	36	55.1	0.6	1.4	1.8
Ireland (IRL)	1 058	2.6	1	22.9	2.4	0.2	70.2	0.7
Italy (ITA)	1 552	3.7	4.1	82.4	0.3	0.6	8	0.7
Netherlands (NLD)	1 194	2.6	1.3	8.5	19.3	4	50.1	14.2
Sweden (SWE)	381	3.9	1.6	12.3	3.9	0.5	77	0.8
United Kingdom (GBR)	7 001	4.2	1.8	40.4	7.3	11.8	28.5	6.1
Rest of Europe	1 842	4.1	0.7	15.5	26.9	6.6	40.3	5.8
Norway (NOR)	476	2.1	0.4	8.6	70.2	0	18.7	0
Switzerland (CHE)	882	3.2	0.7	7.7	9.5	6.5	63.4	9.1
Russian Federation (RUS)	72	14.1	2.8	50.7	22.5	0	0	9.9
Africa	1 255	8.1	1.8	62.2	14	0.6	8.8	4.3
South Africa (ZAF)	649	8.2	1.7	58.6	21	1.1	7	2.5
Unallocated	1 705
Note: The table reports data prior to the August 2017 revision of international services trade. For more information on the revisions, please refer to the ABS Information Paper: Changes to the Australian System of National Accounts, 2016-17 (catalogue no. 5204.0.55.012).
Source: Own calculations on OECD International Trade in Services Statistics by Partner Country (ITSS), EBOPS 2010.

Table C.6. The determinants of Australia's bilateral exports, 2014-2016
Dependent variable: Total Services Exports
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Ln(GDP)	0.644***	0.757***	0.786***	0.634***	0.646***	0.645***	0.682***
	(0.095)	(0.085)	(0.102)	(0.099)	(0.101	(0.095)	(0.119)
Ln(Distance)	-1.087**	-0.892*	-1.332***	-1.027**	-1.096**	-1.104**	-1.498***
	(0.426)	(0.46)	(0.401)	(0.404)	(0.456)	(0.432)	(0.520)
FTA	0.517**	0.206	0.430**	0.630***	0.522**	0.503**	0.330
	(0.231)	(0.309)	(0.215)	(0.216)	(0.216)	(0.235)	(0.269)
Common language	1.120***	1.129***	0.814**	1.222***	1.109***	1.094***	0.865**
	(0.259)	(0.257)	(0.337)	(0.223)	(0.285)	(0.248)	(0.376)
Former colony	1.036***		0.696***	1.009***	1.048***	1.048***	1.142***
	(0.250)		(0.261)	(0.234)	(0.258)	(0.248)	(0.308)
STRI, level	-3.979***	-1.943*
	(0.630)	(1.111)
STRI, heterogeneity		-7.402***
		(2.206)
STRI, all Modes			-2.227
			(1.362)
STRI, Mode 3			-7.597***
			(0.718)
STRI, Mode 4			13.228***
			(3.109)
STRI, DR & other				-0.275
				(1.341)
STRI, MA & NT				-5.807***
				(1.176)
STRI, establishment					-4.418**
					(2.053)
STRI, operations					-3.440***
					(1.288)
STRI, non- discriminatory						-4.505***
						(1.261)
STRI, discriminatory						-3.746***
						(0.485)
STRI, foreign entry							-10.596***
							(1.610)
STRI, movement of people							11.152***
							(2.659)
STRI, other discriminatory							11.268
							(7.297)
STRI, barriers competition							-7.284*
							(4.360)
STRI, regulatory transpar.							4.316
							(6.577)
Sector fixed effects	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Year fixed effects	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Observations	413	413	413	413	413	413	413
R-squared	0.857	0.827	0.859	0.875	0.856	0.855	0.900
Note: Gravity regressions using PPML. Robust standard errors clustered by sectors are provided in parentheses. * p<0.01, p<0.05, * p<0.1. The variables 'FTA', 'Common language' and 'Former colony' are binary variables (0/1).
Source: Regressions using OECD International Trade in Services Statistics by Partner Country (ITSS), CEPII gravity dataset, OECD STRI data, and WTO RTA dataset.

Table C.7. Factors determining bilateral exports of travel services, 2005-2015
Dependent variable:	Total	Business	Personal, education	Personal, other
Ln(GDP_x)	0.96***	0.62***	0.42***	0.61***
	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.08)	(0.03)
Ln(GDP_m)	0.70***	0.69***	1.36***	0.74***
	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.05)	(0.03)
Ln(distance)	-0.65***	-0.83***	-0.46***	-0.95***
	(0.03)	(0.04)	(0.07)	(0.04)
Contiguity	0.88***	0.79***	-0.94***	0.43***
	(0.08)	(0.21)	(0.19)	(0.13)
Common language	0.20***	0.14	0.49***	0.36***
	(0.06)	(0.17)	(0.08)	(0.10)
Hegemon_x	0.29***	0.87***	0.50***	0.57***
	(0.06)	(0.17)	(0.16)	(0.13)
Hegemon_m	0.51***	1.05***	-0.76***	1.51***
	(0.08)	(0.09)	(0.12)	(0.10)
FTA	0.12**	0.55***	0.43***	0.14*
	(0.05)	(0.09)	(0.11)	(0.08)
Ln(1+top 200 universities_x)			0.87***
			(0.08)
Ln(1+top 200 universities_m)			-0.81***
			(0.04)
AUS, 2005	1.64***	1.28***	2.76***	1.65***
	(0.21)	(0.25)	(0.30)	(0.24)
AUS, 2006	1.60***	1.14***	2.68***	1.45***
	(0.20)	(0.24)	(0.31)	(0.22)
AUS, 2007	1.66***	1.31***	2.74***	1.47***
	(0.20)	(0.23)	(0.27)	(0.21)
AUS, 2008	1.51***	1.27***	2.93***	1.34***
	(0.21)	(0.22)	(0.26)	(0.20)
AUS, 2009	1.70***	1.47***	2.99***	1.45***
	(0.22)	(0.23)	(0.25)	(0.20)
AUS, 2010	1.61***	1.47***	2.81***	1.39***
	(0.21)	(0.22)	(0.28)	(0.19)
AUS, 2011	1.50***	1.69***	2.73***	1.30***
	(0.20)	(0.22)	(0.25)	(0.19)
AUS, 2012	1.34***	1.69***	2.53***	1.21***
	(0.20)	(0.21)	(0.32)	(0.19)
AUS, 2013	1.27***	1.41***	2.23***	0.90***
	(0.20)	(0.24)	(0.33)	(0.23)
AUS, 2014	1.23***	1.34***	2.05***	1.05***
	(0.20)	(0.23)	(0.34)	(0.23)
AUS, 2015	1.10***	1.13***	1.75***	1.06***
	(0.21)	(0.24)	(0.30)	(0.24)
Year fixed effects	YES	YES	YES	YES
Observations	6 943	5 242	4 986	4 514
Pseudo R2	0.83	0.70	0.77	0.70
Note: Gravity regressions using PPML. Robust standard errors are provided in parentheses. * p<0.01, p<0.05, * p<0.1. The indices “x” and “m” stand for exporting and importing country, respectively. The variables 'Contiguity', 'Common language' and 'FTA' are binary variables (0/1).
Source: Regressions using OECD International Trade in Services Statistics by Partner Country (ITSS), CEPII gravity dataset and OECD STRI data, and WTO RTA dataset.

Table C.8. Regulatory barriers and firm-level exports
Dependent variable: Firm-level total services exports
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Ln(turnover)	0.318***	0.320***	0.318***	0.317***	0.108	0.305***	0.259***
	(0.026)	(0.028)	(0.029)	(0.026)	(0.085)	(0.028)	(0.029)
Services importer	2.973***	2.908***	2.991***	2.976***	2.922***	2.876***	2.084***
	(0.270)	(0.268)	(0.275)	(0.269)	(0.288)	(0.286)	(0.253)
Main activity goods	-0.752**	-0.763**	-0.745**	-0.750**	-0.696*	-0.688**	-0.638*
	(0.351)	(0.353)	(0.348)	(0.352)	(0.369)	(0.338)	(0.332)
Ln(GDP)	0.464***	0.566***	0.464***	0.472***	0.475***	0.467***	0.371***
	(0.097)	(0.094)	(0.098)	(0.095)	(0.096)	(0.098)	(0.098)
Ln(distance)	-0.734***	-0.888***	-0.619***	-0.779***	-0.775***	-0.738***	-0.483**
	(0.242)	(0.211)	(0.237)	(0.237)	(0.243)	(0.244)	(0.246)
FTA	0.061	0.129	0.176	0.032	0.045	0.064	0.145
	(0.250)	(0.211)	(0.226)	(0.263)	(0.257)	(0.251)	(0.227)
Common language	0.675***	0.609***	0.769***	0.630***	0.652***	0.677***	0.574***
	(0.192)	(0.208)	(0.235)	(0.187)	(0.191)	(0.194)	(0.185)
STRI, level	-2.352*				-12.685**	-4.984***	-6.622***
	(1.248)				(5.399)	(1.570)	(1.774)
STRI, Mode 1/2		-27.907**
		(11.978)
STRI, Mode 3		-3.617***
		(1.293)
STRI, Mode 4		9.583*
		(5.276)
STRI, all Modes		0.637
		(2.651)
STRI, discriminatory			-3.076**
			(1.243)
STRI, non-discriminatory			0.140
			(2.562)
STRI, establishment				-4.016***
				(1.462)
STRI, operations				-1.085
				(1.689)
STRI * Ln(turnover)					0.742**
					(0.358)
Previous exporter						0.272
						(0.461)
STRI * prev. exporter						2.702**
						(1.267)
Prev. exp. same ctry							1.205**
							(0.482)
STRI * prev. exp. same ctry							4.859***
							(1.392)
Sector fixed effects	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Year fixed effects	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Observations	68 483	60 939	60 939	68 483	68 483	68 483	68 483
R-squared	0.396	0.418	0.393	0.402	0.429	0.393	0.389
Note: Gravity regressions using PPML. Robust standard errors clustered by importing country are provided in parentheses. * p<0.01, p<0.05, * p<0.1. The variables 'Services importer', 'Main activity goods', 'FTA' and 'Common language' are binary variables (0/1).
Source: Regressions based on ABS Survey of International Trade in Services data.

Table C.9. Determinants of Australia's outward FDI
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
	AS	CO	DS	FSbnk	FSins	LS	PSeng	TC	TR
Ln(GDP)	0.728***	1.285***	0.298	1.224***	1.359***	2.205***	0.969***	1.767**	0.744***
	(0.204)	(0.459)	(0.301)	(0.229)	(0.193)	(0.560)	(0.289)	(0.792)	(0.217)
Ln(dist.)	-1.377**	-2.581***	-1.773**	-3.568***	-1.467***	-6.862***	-0.144	-5.513**	-3.837***
	(0.549)	(0.840)	(0.725)	(0.504)	(0.469)	(1.864)	(0.777)	(2.448)	(0.692)
Common lang.	1.858**	3.478	2.814***	2.276***	5.956***	6.782***	1.383***	5.105**	2.906***
	(0.803)	(3.116)	(0.615)	(0.674)	(0.669)	(1.817)	(0.498)	(2.437)	(0.827)
FTA	0.392	-0.943	0.809	-1.143	-1.203***	-1.607*	0.006	-2.214	-0.988*
	(0.628)	(0.998)	(0.917)	(0.806)	(0.395)	(0.864)	(0.591)	(2.361)	(0.531)
Profit tax	0.005	-0.076	0.059***	-0.036	0.050***	0.099**	-0.083***	-0.097	0.048***
	(0.028)	(0.056)	(0.021)	(0.030)	(0.013)	(0.049)	(0.026)	(0.110)	(0.016)
STRI, level	-17.436***	-11.871	-8.483*	-1.939	-14.433***	-61.550***	-3.049	-13.686	4.685**
	(6.529)	(20.470)	(4.392)	(3.394)	(1.245)	(16.957)	(3.876)	(11.791)	(1.984)
Obs.	1 596	4 452	24 402	14 490	7 644	1 134	630	1 050	3 150
R-squared	0.153	0.043	0.016	0.022	0.040	0.167	0.333	0.144	0.062
Source: Own regressions based on ABS Survey of International Investment data.

Table C.10. Number of arbitration cases at most important arbitration institutions
	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)	759	767	791	801	966
DIS (German Institution of Arbitration)	121	121	132	134	166
SCC (Stockholm Chamber of Commerce)	177	203	183	181	199
VIAC (Vienna International Arbitration Center)	70	56	56	40	60
SCAI (Swiss Chamber’s Arbitration Institution)	92	68	105	100	81
LCIA (London Court of International Arbitration)	277	301	296	326	303
ICDR (International Center for Dispute Resolution)	996	1 165	1 052	1 063	1 050
SIAC (Singapore International Arbitration Centre)	235	259	222	271	343
CIETAC (China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission)	1 060	1 256	1 610	1 968	2 183
HKIAC (Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre)	293	260	252	271	262
ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes)	50	40	38	52	48
Source: https://globalarbitrationnews.com/international-arbitration-statistics-2016-busy-times-for-arbitral-institutions/.

Annex C. Additional tables and figures