BASIC STATISTICS OF ESTONIA*
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(2015 or latest available year)
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(OECD values in parentheses)
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PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
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Population (million) |
1.3 |
(1 274) |
Population density per km2 |
29.0 |
(35.1) |
Share of population by type of region: |
Population compound annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
-0.4 |
(0.6) |
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Predominantly urban (%) |
11.4 |
(48.7) |
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.36 |
(0.32) |
Intermediate (%) |
79.2 |
(26.0) |
Poverty rate (% of population with less than 50% med.income) |
12.3 |
(11.3) |
Rural (%) |
9.5 |
(25.3) |
Life expectancy |
77.2 |
(80.6) |
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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Total GDP (national currency, billion) |
20.5 |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
75.7 |
(29.2) |
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Total GDP (billion, current PPPs) |
31.7 |
(51 165) |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
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GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
3.6 |
(1.9) |
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles |
20.2 |
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GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs) |
24.2 |
(40.1) |
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes |
11.2 |
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Value added shares (%) |
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal |
9.1 |
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Agriculture |
3.0 |
(1.7) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
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Industry including construction |
23.1 |
(23.1) |
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles |
17.3 |
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Services |
73.8 |
(75.2) |
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes |
13.2 |
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Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
79.8 |
(29) |
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof |
9.8 |
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GENERAL GOVERNMENT as percentage of GDPa |
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Expenditure |
39.5 |
(44.4) |
Education expenditure |
5.6 |
(5.4) |
Revenue |
40.0 |
(42.4) |
Health expenditure |
5.1 |
(6.5) |
Gross financial debt |
13.6 |
(86.5) |
Environment protection expenditure |
0.6 |
(0.8) |
Fiscal balance |
0.4 |
(-2.0) |
Environmental taxes: (% of GDP) |
2.6 |
(1.6) |
(% of total tax revenue) |
8.0 |
(5.1) |
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LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
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Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
6.2 |
(7.9) |
Patent applications in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies)b |
21.2 |
(12) |
Tertiary educational attainment of 25-to-64 years-olds (%) |
37.5 |
(34.5) |
Environmental management |
11.5 |
(4.5) |
Gross expenditure on R&D, % of GDP |
1.4 |
(2.4) |
Water-related adaptation technologies |
0.6 |
(0.4) |
Climate change mitigation technologies |
10.4 |
(9.8) |
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ENVIRONMENT |
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Energy intensity: TPES per capita (toe/cap.) |
4.2 |
(4.1) |
Road vehicle stock (veh./100 inhabitants) |
57.3 |
(58.9) |
TPES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs) |
0.16 |
(0.11) |
Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources) |
14.0 |
(9.7) |
Renewables (% of TPES) |
17.4 |
(9.6) |
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
1 311 |
(819) |
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2): |
Municipal waste per capita, (kg/capita) |
357 |
(516) |
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per capita (t/cap.) |
14.3 |
(9.4) |
Material productivity (USD, 2010 PPPs/DMC, kg) |
0.9 |
(1.7) |
per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs) |
0.53 |
(0.26) |
Land area (1 000 km2) |
42.4 |
(34 341) |
GHG intensityc |
% of arable land and permanent crops |
15.1 |
(12.1) |
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per capita (t/cap.) |
16.0 |
(12.4) |
% of permanent meadows and pastures |
7.7 |
(23.2) |
per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs) |
0.63 |
(0.34) |
% of forest area |
52.7 |
(31.2) |
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), μg/m3 |
9.1 |
(14) |
% of other land (built-up and other land) |
24.5 |
(33.5) |
← * Values earlier than 2010 are not taken into consideration. |
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← a. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of the latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries. |
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← b. Higher-value inventions that have sought patent protection in at least two jurisdictions. Average of latest three years. |
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← c. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry. |
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Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the OECD, IEA, Eurostat. |